HOMOEOPATHIC PHARMACEUTICS :
- Sumit Goel.
Old Hahnemannian Methods:
Even in the pre-homoeopathic period of his life, Hahnemann was always aspiring in his numerous medical and chemical writings for a better preparation of medicines. It is therefore quite understandable that he should devote every care to the preparation of homoeopathic remedies.
In his dissertation "On the Power of Small Doses of Medicine in General and of Belladonna in Particular", he arrived at the excellent idea of mixing and diluting his medicine with a non-medicinal substance - with spirit of wine or sugar of milk. The tinctures obtained from plants were almost always prepared from fresh plants. His original purpose of obtaining the tinctures simply by squeezing the medicinal plants could not be carried through, since many parts of plants are such that their juice cannot be obtained merely by pressure. Therefore, in proportion to the viscosity or quantity of the juice contained, he added equal or more parts by weight of spirit of wine to the plants, which he had cut up in very small parts. The medicinal strength of the tincture was calculated according to the quantity of alcohol added and the actual contents of the juice formed the basis of the calculation. Hence a tincture contained 1/2, 1/6 or 1/10 of the medicinal strength. In preparing the first dilution, the fluctuating amount of the medicinal strength was carefully considered and counter-balanced.
Plants that could only be obtained dry, metals, minerals and other insoluble medicinal substances were vigorously triturated in a mortar with a prescribed quantity of sugar of milk.
Old American Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia published by Boericke and Tafel and German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia by Dr. Willmar Schwabe had been followed in arriving at the formulae below. For easy reference, the proportion of measure and weight in preparing Mother tinctures, Dilutions and Triturations is arranged in the following nine formulae or classes: -
Class (Formula) I treats of Tinctures obtained from fresh juicy plant (mostly European).
Class (Formula) II treats of Tinctures extracted from less juicy plants (also mostly European).
Class (Formula) III treats of Tinctures obtained from fresh plants (all American and some European).
Class (Formula) IV treats of Tinctures from dried vegetables and animal substances and also from fresh animal.
Class (Formula) V (VA and VB) treats of Aqueous solutions, prepared by dissolving the medicinal substances in distilled water.
Class (Formula) VI (VIA and VIB) treats of Alcoholic solutions, prepared by dissolving the medicinal substance in alcohol.
Class (Formula) VII treats of (a) Trituration of dry medicinal substances and of Resinoids; (b) Conversion of Trituration of the same into dilutions.
Class (Formula) VIII treats of (a) Trituration of liquid medicinal substances; (b) Conversion of Trituration of the same into dilutions.
Class (Formula) IX treats of (a) Trituration of Fresh vegetable and animal substances; (b) Conversion of Trituration of the same into dilutions.
PRELIMINARY STEPS
1. Fresh pants and parts of plants
The fresh plant or part of it is at first examined as to its undoubted identity, then carefully freed from any impurities that might have accidentally escaped notice in gathering it. Only those parts are taken for use, which are specified under the specific remedy. The plant should be cut up with a well-polished steel knife, free from rust, on a well-cleansed chopping board; then divided as finely as possible with an equally well-cleansed chopping knife. The finely divided mass is then to be treated as is described in the formulae. Fresh fruits and seeds, if they can be cut up, are treated as above; if not they are simply mashed in a triturating mortar.
2. Dried plants and their parts
For the preparation of tinctures, these are pulverized coarsely; for the preparation of triturations, as finely as possible.
3. Metals, Minerals and Pharmaceutico-Chemical Preparations
The main rule for this class is, to reduce the crude substance to a state so finely divided, that, if it to be employed for triturations, it can be uniformly triturated. This is accomplished with a part of these substances by pounding, but with most metals by precipitation.
Hahnemann employed metallic foil or filings, or comminuted the metals on a whetstone. Later microscopic examinations have shown, however, that this method of sub-dividing is very imperfect, and renders the purity of the metal very doubtful, particles of iron or whetstone becoming mingled with it. The uniform distribution of the crude substance, on the contrary, has been shown to be accomplished only in triturations prepared from precipitates.
CLASS (FORMULA) I
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/2
According to Class I, mother tinctures are prepared by mixing equal parts by weight of drug juice and alcohol.
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Belladonna.
Preparation
The fresh drug is at first chopped and pounded to a pulp and then taken into a piece of new linen and subjected to pressure. The expressed juice, so obtained is then mixed with an equal part by weight of alcohol. The mixture is shaken vigourously for sometime and then put into a well-stoppered bottle and allowed to settle for eight days in a cool dark place after which it is filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/2.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Add 2 minims of mother tincture of the drug and 8 minims of dilute alcohol to make 10 minims of the '1X' potency of the drug.
* Add 1 minim of the 1X dilution of the drug and 9 minims of dilute alcohol to make 10 minims of the '2X' potency of the drug.
* 1 minim of the 2X dilution and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of the 3X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 2 minims of the mother tincture and 98 minims of dilute alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the second potency 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Acanthus mollis; Aconitum napellus; Anagallis arvensis; Arctium lappa; Arum triphyllum; Asarum europaeum; Belladonna; Bellis perennis; Bryonia alba; Calendula officinalis; Caltha palustris; Cannabis sativa; Castanea vesca; Chamomilla; Chelidonium majus; Cicuta virosa; Clematis erecta; Colchicum autumnale; Conium maculatum; Cyclamen; Digitalis purpurea; Drosera rotundifolia; Dulcamara; Granatum; Hyoscyamus niger; Ipecacuanha; Paeonia officinalis; Paris quadrifolia; Petroselinum sativum; Ruta graveolens; Taraxacum
In aphorism 267, Organon of Medicine, 6th edition, Hahnemann writes - We gain possession of the powers of indigenous plants and of such as may be had in a fresh state in the most complete and certain manner by mixing their freshly expressed juice immediately with equal parts of spirits of wine of a strength sufficient to burn in a lamp. After this has stood a day and a night in a close-stoppered bottle and deposited the fibrinous and albuminous matters, the clear superincumbent fluid is then to be decanted off for medicinal use. All fermentation of the vegetable juice will be at once checked by the spirits of wine mixed with it and rendered impossible for the future, and the entire medicinal power of the vegetable juice is thus retained (perfect and injured) for ever by keeping the preparation in well-corked bottles further protected with wax to prevent evaporation and excluded from the sun's light.
CLASS (FORMULA) II
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/2
According to Class II, mother tinctures are made by adding two parts of alcohol to three parts of the plant or part there of.
The fundamental rule for this formula is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Thuja.
Preparation
The finely chopped and powdered weighed quantity of the plant or the part thereof is taken. For every three parts of the drug two parts by weight of alcohol is taken. The whole quantity of the chopped drug is at first moistened with just the quantity of alcohol necessary to bring the whole mass into a thick pulp. Remaining portion of the alcohol is now added with the drug and kept two or three days. The whole quantity is now strained through a piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered bottle in a dark, cool place and the filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/2.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* 2 minims of the mother tincture and 8 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 1X potency of the drug.
* 1 minim of 1X dilution and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency of the drug.
* 1 minim of 2X dilution and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency of the drug.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 2 minims of mother tincture and 98 minims of dilute alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the second potency 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples Aconitum napellus; Euphrasia officinalis; Laurocerasus; Lupulus; Mercurialis perennis; Mezereum; Oleander; Prunus spinosa; Taxus baccata; Thlaspi bursa pastoris; Thuja occidentalis; Thymus vulgaris; Uva ursi; Verbena officinalis; Veronica officinalis; Vinca minor
CLASS (FORMULA) III
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/6
According to Class III, mother tinctures are prepared by mixing two parts by weight of alcohol with one part of the plant or part thereof.
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Scilla.
Preparation
A weighed quantity of the fresh drug is pounded to a fine pulp. Double the quantity by weight of alcohol is taken. At first, powdered drug is moistened with one-sixth part of alcohol. The moistened drug is put into a stoppered bottle and rest of the alcohol is added to it. The whole mixture is allowed to stand for eight days in a cool dark place. After this period the tincture is decanted, strained through new linen and filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/6.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* 6 minims of the mother tincture and 4 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 1X potency.
* 1 minim of 1X dilution and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* 1 minim of 2X dilution and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 6 minims of mother tincture and 94 minims of dilute alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Abies canadensis; Abroma augusta folia; Abrotanum; Absinthium; Acalypha indica; Actea spicata; Adonis vernalis; Aegle folia; Aesculus hippocastanum; Aethusa cynapium; Agaricus muscaris (tincture); Agave americana; Agnus castus; Ailanthus glandulosus; Aletris farinosa; Allium cepa; Allium sativum; Andrographis paniculata; Apocynum cannabinum; Aralia racemosa; Arnica montana; Artemisia vulgaris; Avena sativa; Baptisia tinctoria; Berberis vulgaris; Cactus grandiflorus; Calcarea carbonica; Caulophyllum thalictroides; Ceanothus americanus; Cimicifuga racemosa; Crataegus oxycantha; Dioscorea villosa; Echinacea angustifolia; Eugenia jambos; Eupatorium perfoliatum; Gelsemium sempervirens; Geranium maculatum; Hamamelis virginica; Hydrastis canadensis; Hypericum perforatum; Ledum palustre; Myrica serifera; Phytolacca decandra; Podophyllum peltatum; Polygonum punctatum; Pothos foetidus; Pulsatilla nigricans; Raphanus sativus; Rhus toxicodendron; Robinia pseudacacia; Sabal serrulata; Sabina; Sanguinaria canadensis; Scilla maritima; Secale cornutum; Trifolium pratense; Trillium pendulum; Veratrum viride; Viburnum opulus; Viola odorata; Wyethia helenioides; Yucca filamentosa
In footnote to aphorism 267, 6th edition, Hahnemann continues - Although equal parts of alcohol and freshly expressed juice are usually the most suitable proportion for affecting the deposition of the fibrinous and albuminous matters, yet for plants that contain much thick mucus (e.g. Symphytum officinale, Viola tricolor, etc.), or an excess of albumen (e.g. Aethusa cynapium, Solanum nigrum), a double proportion of alcohol is generally required for this object. Plants that are very deficient in juice, as Oleander, Buxus, Taxus, Ledum, Sabina, etc. must first be pounded up alone into a moist, fine mass and then stirred up with a double quantity of alcohol, in order that the juice may combine with it, and being thus extracted by alcohol, may be pressed out; these later may also when dried be brought with milk-sugar to the millionfold trituration and then be further diluted and potentized.
CLASS (FORMULA) IV
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/10
According to Class IV, tinctures are prepared from one part of the drug and five parts of alcohol.
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Spigelia and Staphysagria.
Preparation
A weighed quantity of the pulverized dried vegetable drug or pounded fresh animal substances are taken in a stoppered bottle and a quantity of alcohol equal in weight to five times the weight of the drug is poured over the drug into the bottle and kept in a cool dark place for eight days, shaking the bottle at least twice a day. After this period, the tincture is poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/10.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here the 1X potency is the same as the mother tincture of the drug, because mother tincture in this case contains 1/10 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of the mother tincture and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 10 minims of mother tincture and 90 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the second potency 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Abel moschus; Aloe socotrina (tincture); Alstonia scholaris; Anacardium orientale; Angustura; Apis mellifica; Aranea diadema; Arnica montana (G.H.P.); Asafoetida; Asterias rubens; Badiaga (tincture); Bovista; Calotropis gigantea; Cannabis indica; Cantharis (tincture); Capsicum; Cina; Cinchona officinalis (tincture); Cinnamomum; Coca; Cocculus indicus; Coccus cacti; Coffea cruda; Colocynthis; Gambogia; Helleborus niger; Hydrocotyle asiatica; Ignatia amara; Lycopodium clavatum; Nux moschata; Nux vomica; Opium; Physostigma venenosum; Ratanhia; Rhododendron; Ricinus communis; Sabadilla; Senega; Senna; Staphysagria; Usnea barbata; Valeriana officinalis; Veratrum album; Zingiber officinale
CLASS (FORMULA) V-A
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/10
Dissolve 1 part by weight of the medicinal substance in 9 parts by weight of distilled water.
Drug power of the solution is 1/10.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here 1X potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/10 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 1X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of distilled water give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* 1 minim of 2X potency and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* 1 minim of 3X potency and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 4X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 10 minims of the Aqueous solution and 90 minims of distilled water give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Acidum aceticum; Acidum chromicum; Acidum formicum; Acidum muriaticum; Acidum nitricum; Acidum sulphuricum; Ammonium carbonicum; Ammonium muriaticum; Argentum nitricum (solution); Aurum muriaticum; Baryta muriatica; Calcarea muriatica; Kali aceticum; Kali carbonicum (solution); Kali causticum;
CLASS (FORMULA) V-B
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/100
Dissolve 1 part by weight of the medicinal substance in 99 parts by weight of distilled water.
Drug power of the solution is 1/100.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here the 2X potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 2X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* 1 minim of 3X potency and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 4X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* Here the first potency 1C is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of the first potency 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* 1 minim of 2C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 3C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples Acidum hydrofluoricum; Acidum oxalicum (G.H.P.); Acidum phosphoricum; Acidum picricum (dilution); Borax (tincture); Bromium; Chlorum; Cuprum aceticum; Kali bichromicum (solution); Kali chloricum; Kali hydrobromicum; Mercurius cyanatus; Platinum muriaticum; Plumbum aceticum; Propylaminum
CLASS (FORMULA) VI-A
ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/10
Dissolve 1 part by weight (G.H.P. recommended 2 parts) of the medicinal substance in 9 parts by weight of alcohol.
Drug power of the solution is 1/100
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Guaiacum.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here 1X potency is the same as the Solution of the drug, because the Solution in this case contains 1/10 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 1X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 10 minims of the Solution and 90 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Abies nigra; Acidum benzoicum (dilution); Acidum carbolicum; Amyl nitrosum; Calcarea caustica; Camphora; Chloralum; Chloroformium; Ferrum muriaticum; Glonoinum; Guaiacum officinale; Nitri spiritus dulcis
CLASS (FORMULA) VI-B
ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/100
Dissolve 1 part by weight of the medicinal substance in 99 parts (G.H.P. recommended 50 parts) by weight of alcohol.
Drug power of the solution is 1/100.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here the 2X potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 2X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* Here the first potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of the first potency 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Acidum benzoicum (G.H.P.); Acidum hydrocyanicum; Acidum lacticum; Arsenicum album (solution); Cajuputum; Carboneum sulphuratum; Copaiva officinalis; Croton tiglium; Eupion; Ferrum muriaticum; Iodium; Kali iodatum; Kreosotum; Mephitis; Nicotinum; Oloeum ricini; Petroleum (solution); Sinapis nigra; Sulphur (tincture); Tarantula cubensis (A.H.P.); Terebinthinae oleum; Upas tiente
CLASS (FORMULA) VII
TRITURATION OF DRY CRUDE DRUGS
The dry crude drug (pure) should in all cases be considered as the starting point whence to calculate the power of the drug.
The fundamental rule for this formula is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Arsenicum.
Trituration on the Decimal Scale
* 1 grain of the crude drug and 9 grains of sugar of milk give 10 grains of 1X trituration of the drug.
* Prepare 2X trituration and all succeeding triturations with 1 grain of the preceding trituration and 9 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 6X trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol, gives 8X potency.
* 1 minim of 8X potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives 9X potency.
* 1 minim of 9X potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives 10X potency.
* All succeeding potencies are prepared with 1 minim of preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Trituration on the Centesimal Scale
* 1 grain of the crude drug with 99 grains of sugar of milk give 100 grains of the first trituration of the drug 1C.
* Prepare 2C and all succeeding triturations with 1 grain of the preceding trituration and 99 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 3C trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 4C.
* 1 minim of 4C to 99 minims of alcohol gives 5C.
* All succeeding potencies are prepared with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol
Examples
Acidum benzoicum (trituration); Acidum boracicum (trituration); Acidum oxalicum (trituration); Acidum picricum (trituration); Adamas; Aethiops mineralis; Aloe socotrina (trituration); Alumen; Alumina; Aluminium metallicum; Ambra grisea (tincture); Ammoniacum gummi; Ammonium aceticum (trituration); Ammonium benzoicum; Ammonium bromatum; Ammonium carbonicum; Ammonium phosphoricum; Antimonium crudum; Argentum metallicum; Arsenicum album (trituration); Aurum metallicum; Badiaga; Baryta carbonica; Baryta muriatica; Borax (trituration); Cantharis (trituration); Carbo vegetabilis; Cuprum metallicum; Ferrum metallicum; Ferrum phosphoricum; Graphites; Hecla lava; Hepar sulphuris calcareum; Kali muriaticum; Osmium metallicum; Palladium; Plumbum metallicum; Selenium; Sepia (trituration); Silicea; Stannum metallicum; Strontium carbonicum; Sulphur (trituration); Sulphur iodatum; Tellurium; Zincum aceticum; Zincum bromatum; Zincum carbonicum; Zincum metallicum; Zincum phosphoricum
CLASS (FORMULA) VIII
TRITURATION OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES
The fundamental rule for this class (formula) is contained in Hahnemann's Chronic Diseases, under Petroleum.
Trituration on the Decimal Scale
* 1 minim of the drug with 9 grains of sugar of milk give 10 grains of 1X trituration of the drug.
* 1 part by weight of 1X trituration to 9 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2X trituration.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 grain of the preceding potency to 9 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 6X trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 8X potency.
* 1 minim of 8X potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives 9X potency.
* 1 minim of 9X potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives 10X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Trituration on the Centesimal Scale
* 1 minim of the original drug with 99 grains of sugar of milk gives 100 grains of the first trituration of the drug 1C.
* 1 part by weight of 1C to 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 grain of the preceding trituration to 99 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 3C trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 4C.
* 1 minim of 4C potency to 99 minims of alcohol gives 5C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Antimonium muriaticum; Apisinum (Apium virus); Araneinum; Bothrops lanceolatus; Bufo rana; Crotalus horridus; Elaps corallinus; Lachesis; Murex purpurea; Myristica sebifera; Naja tripudians; Oleum animale (trituration); Oleum santali (trituration); Petroleum; Vaccininum; Variolinum
CLASS (FORMULA) IX
TRITURATION OF FRESH VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES For this class, the lower triturations of which cannot be preserved, the rule is found in Hahnemann's Chronic Diseases, under Agaricus.
Preparation
Fresh vegetables and animals are first pounded or grated to a fine pulp, then triturated and potentized according to the following proportions by weight and measure.
Trituration on the Decimal Scale
* 2 grains of the prepared pulp and 9 grains of sugar of milk give the 1X trituration. (two parts are taken because of loss by evaporation during trituration).
* 1 part by weight of 1X trituration to 9 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2X trituration.
* Prepare all succeeding triturations with 1 part by weight of the preceding trituration to 9 parts by weight of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 6X trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 8X potency.
* 1 minim of 8X potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives 9X potency.
* 1 minim of 9X potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives 10X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Trituration on the Centesimal Scale
* 2 grains of the prepared pulp and 99 grains of sugar of milk give the first trituration 1C.
* 1 part by weight of 1C to 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2C trituration.
* Prepare all succeeding triturations with 1 part by weight of the preceding trituration to 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 3C trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 4C potency.
* 1 minim of 4C to 99 minims of alcohol gives 5C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Agaricus muscaris (trituration); Amphisbaena vermicularis; Anacardium orientale (trituration); Blatta americana; Blatta orientalis; Boletus satanus; Cervus brasilicus; Cyprinus barbus; Delphinus amazonica; Fel piscinum; Fel tauri; Fel vulpis; Ovum (Membranum ovi gallinacei); Sphingurus martini; Tarantula hispanica (G.H.P. old); Vulpis hepar; Vulpis pulmonale
SELF ASSESSMENT
* Discuss the Old / Hahnemannian method of preparation of medicines. What is basis of classification
* Discuss the Old/Hahnemannian method of preparation of mother tinctures
* Class I - IV
* Class V, VI
* Class VII - IX
QUIZ
1. Drug power of tincture prepared according to Class II is
(a) 1/2
(b) 1/5
(c) 1/6
(d) 1/10
2. the fundamental rule for Class IV is mentioned under
(a) Scilla
(b) Staphysagria
(c) Belladonna
(d) Thuja
3. Medicinal substances soluble in small quantities of alcohol are prepared according to
(a) Class VA
(b) Class VB
(c) Class VIA
(d) Class VIB
4. Drug : Menstruum ratio of Class I is
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : 5
(d) 3 : 2
5. Lachesis tincture is prepared according to
(a) Class IX
(b) Class VIII
(c) Class VII
(d) Class IV
ANSWERS: 1 (a); 2 (b); 3 (c); 4 (b); 5 (b)
MOTHER TINCTURES
BY EXTRACTION WITH LIQUID VEHICLE
1. SOURCE
CLASS I
Most juicy plants (mostly European)
CLASS II
Less juicy plants (mostly European)
CLASS III
Fresh plants (all American and some European)
CLASS IV
Dried vegetable; dried and fresh animal substances
2.NATURE OF DRUG
CLASS I
Non-mucilagenous, no resins, terpins or volatile oils
CLASS II
Non-mucilagenous, but with resins, terpins or volatile oils
CLASS III
Mucilagenous drug substances
CLASS IV
Dried drug substances
3.FUNDAMENTAL RULE
CLASS I
Belladonna (Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS II
Thuja (Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS III
Scilla (Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS IV
Spigelia and Staphysagria (Materia Medica Pura)
4.DRUG : MENSTRUUM
CLASS I
1 : 1 (by weight)
CLASS II
3 : 2 (by weight)
CLASS III
1 : 2 (by weight)
CLASS IV
1 : 5 (by weight)
5. DRUG STRENGTH
CLASS I
1/2
CLASS II
1/2
CLASS III
1/6
CLASS IV
1/10
6.DURATION
CLASS I
Eight days
CLASS II
Eight days
CLASS III
Eight days
CLASS IV
Fifteen days
7. DECIMAL - 1X (Tincture : Vehicle)
CLASS I
2 : 8
CLASS II
2 : 8
CLASS II
6 : 4
CLASS IV
Drug strength already 1/10
8. CENTESIMAL - 1C (Tincture : Vehicle)
CLASS I
2 : 98
CLASS II
2 : 98
CLASS III
6 : 94
CLASS IV
10 : 90
9.ORGANON REFERENCE
CLASS I
Aphorism 267
CLASS II
---
CLASS III
Footnote to Aphorism 267
CLASS IV
---
10. EXAMPLES
CLASS I
Arum triphyllum, Bryonia, Calendula, Chamomilla, Ruta graveolens
CLASS II
Euphrasia, Mezereum, Vinca minor
CLASS III
Abrotanum, Aesculus, Arnica, Baptisia, Gelsemium, Pulsatilla, Rhus toxicodendron CLASS IV
Aloe, Apis mellifica, Cantharis, Cina, Cinchona officinalis, Colocynthis, Ignatia, Lycopodium, Nux vomica
MOTHER SOLUTIONS SOLUTION OF DRUG SUBSTANCES IN LIQUID VEHICLE
1. SOURCE
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in less quantity of water
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in greater quantity of water
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in less quantity of alcohol
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in greater quantity of alcohol 2. DRUG : VEHICLE
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1 : 9 (by weight)
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1 : 99 (by weight)
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1 : 9 (by weight)
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1 : 99 (by weight)
3. DRUG STRENGTH
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1/10
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1/100
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1/10
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1/100
4. PREPARATION - 1X
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1X
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Not possible - first potency is 2X
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1X
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Not possible - first potency is 2X
5. PREPARATION - 1C
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
10 parts of solution : 90 parts of purified water
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1C
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
10 parts of solution : 90 parts of alcohol
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1C
6. EXAMPLES
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Nitric acid, Ammonium carb, Baryta mur, Natrum mur
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Phosphoric acid, Bromium, Kali bichromicum, Antim tart
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Guaiacum, Camphor, Chloralum, Abies nigra
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Arsenicum alb, Iodum, Tarentula cub, Croton tig
MOTHER SUBSTANCES TRITURATION OF SUBSTANCES INSOLUBLE IN LIQUID VEHICLE
1. SOURCE
CLASS VII
Trituration of dried medicinal substances
CLASS VIII
Trituration of liquid medicinal substances
CLASS IX
Trituration of fresh vegetable and animal substances
2. FUNDAMENTAL RULE
CLASS VII
Arsenicum album
(Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS VIII
Petroleum
(Chronic Diseases)
CLASS IX
Agaricus muscaris
(Chronic Diseases)
3. DRUG : VEHICLE
CLASS VII
1 : 9 (by weight) - decimal
1 : 99 (by weight) - centesimal
CLASS VIII
1 : 9 (by weight) - decimal
1 : 99 (by weight) - centesimal
CLASS IX
2 : 9 (by weight) - decimal
2 : 99 (by weight) - centesimal
Old Hahnemannian Methods:
Even in the pre-homoeopathic period of his life, Hahnemann was always aspiring in his numerous medical and chemical writings for a better preparation of medicines. It is therefore quite understandable that he should devote every care to the preparation of homoeopathic remedies.
In his dissertation "On the Power of Small Doses of Medicine in General and of Belladonna in Particular", he arrived at the excellent idea of mixing and diluting his medicine with a non-medicinal substance - with spirit of wine or sugar of milk. The tinctures obtained from plants were almost always prepared from fresh plants. His original purpose of obtaining the tinctures simply by squeezing the medicinal plants could not be carried through, since many parts of plants are such that their juice cannot be obtained merely by pressure. Therefore, in proportion to the viscosity or quantity of the juice contained, he added equal or more parts by weight of spirit of wine to the plants, which he had cut up in very small parts. The medicinal strength of the tincture was calculated according to the quantity of alcohol added and the actual contents of the juice formed the basis of the calculation. Hence a tincture contained 1/2, 1/6 or 1/10 of the medicinal strength. In preparing the first dilution, the fluctuating amount of the medicinal strength was carefully considered and counter-balanced.
Plants that could only be obtained dry, metals, minerals and other insoluble medicinal substances were vigorously triturated in a mortar with a prescribed quantity of sugar of milk.
Old American Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia published by Boericke and Tafel and German Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia by Dr. Willmar Schwabe had been followed in arriving at the formulae below. For easy reference, the proportion of measure and weight in preparing Mother tinctures, Dilutions and Triturations is arranged in the following nine formulae or classes: -
Class (Formula) I treats of Tinctures obtained from fresh juicy plant (mostly European).
Class (Formula) II treats of Tinctures extracted from less juicy plants (also mostly European).
Class (Formula) III treats of Tinctures obtained from fresh plants (all American and some European).
Class (Formula) IV treats of Tinctures from dried vegetables and animal substances and also from fresh animal.
Class (Formula) V (VA and VB) treats of Aqueous solutions, prepared by dissolving the medicinal substances in distilled water.
Class (Formula) VI (VIA and VIB) treats of Alcoholic solutions, prepared by dissolving the medicinal substance in alcohol.
Class (Formula) VII treats of (a) Trituration of dry medicinal substances and of Resinoids; (b) Conversion of Trituration of the same into dilutions.
Class (Formula) VIII treats of (a) Trituration of liquid medicinal substances; (b) Conversion of Trituration of the same into dilutions.
Class (Formula) IX treats of (a) Trituration of Fresh vegetable and animal substances; (b) Conversion of Trituration of the same into dilutions.
PRELIMINARY STEPS
1. Fresh pants and parts of plants
The fresh plant or part of it is at first examined as to its undoubted identity, then carefully freed from any impurities that might have accidentally escaped notice in gathering it. Only those parts are taken for use, which are specified under the specific remedy. The plant should be cut up with a well-polished steel knife, free from rust, on a well-cleansed chopping board; then divided as finely as possible with an equally well-cleansed chopping knife. The finely divided mass is then to be treated as is described in the formulae. Fresh fruits and seeds, if they can be cut up, are treated as above; if not they are simply mashed in a triturating mortar.
2. Dried plants and their parts
For the preparation of tinctures, these are pulverized coarsely; for the preparation of triturations, as finely as possible.
3. Metals, Minerals and Pharmaceutico-Chemical Preparations
The main rule for this class is, to reduce the crude substance to a state so finely divided, that, if it to be employed for triturations, it can be uniformly triturated. This is accomplished with a part of these substances by pounding, but with most metals by precipitation.
Hahnemann employed metallic foil or filings, or comminuted the metals on a whetstone. Later microscopic examinations have shown, however, that this method of sub-dividing is very imperfect, and renders the purity of the metal very doubtful, particles of iron or whetstone becoming mingled with it. The uniform distribution of the crude substance, on the contrary, has been shown to be accomplished only in triturations prepared from precipitates.
CLASS (FORMULA) I
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/2
According to Class I, mother tinctures are prepared by mixing equal parts by weight of drug juice and alcohol.
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Belladonna.
Preparation
The fresh drug is at first chopped and pounded to a pulp and then taken into a piece of new linen and subjected to pressure. The expressed juice, so obtained is then mixed with an equal part by weight of alcohol. The mixture is shaken vigourously for sometime and then put into a well-stoppered bottle and allowed to settle for eight days in a cool dark place after which it is filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/2.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Add 2 minims of mother tincture of the drug and 8 minims of dilute alcohol to make 10 minims of the '1X' potency of the drug.
* Add 1 minim of the 1X dilution of the drug and 9 minims of dilute alcohol to make 10 minims of the '2X' potency of the drug.
* 1 minim of the 2X dilution and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of the 3X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 2 minims of the mother tincture and 98 minims of dilute alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the second potency 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Acanthus mollis; Aconitum napellus; Anagallis arvensis; Arctium lappa; Arum triphyllum; Asarum europaeum; Belladonna; Bellis perennis; Bryonia alba; Calendula officinalis; Caltha palustris; Cannabis sativa; Castanea vesca; Chamomilla; Chelidonium majus; Cicuta virosa; Clematis erecta; Colchicum autumnale; Conium maculatum; Cyclamen; Digitalis purpurea; Drosera rotundifolia; Dulcamara; Granatum; Hyoscyamus niger; Ipecacuanha; Paeonia officinalis; Paris quadrifolia; Petroselinum sativum; Ruta graveolens; Taraxacum
In aphorism 267, Organon of Medicine, 6th edition, Hahnemann writes - We gain possession of the powers of indigenous plants and of such as may be had in a fresh state in the most complete and certain manner by mixing their freshly expressed juice immediately with equal parts of spirits of wine of a strength sufficient to burn in a lamp. After this has stood a day and a night in a close-stoppered bottle and deposited the fibrinous and albuminous matters, the clear superincumbent fluid is then to be decanted off for medicinal use. All fermentation of the vegetable juice will be at once checked by the spirits of wine mixed with it and rendered impossible for the future, and the entire medicinal power of the vegetable juice is thus retained (perfect and injured) for ever by keeping the preparation in well-corked bottles further protected with wax to prevent evaporation and excluded from the sun's light.
CLASS (FORMULA) II
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/2
According to Class II, mother tinctures are made by adding two parts of alcohol to three parts of the plant or part there of.
The fundamental rule for this formula is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Thuja.
Preparation
The finely chopped and powdered weighed quantity of the plant or the part thereof is taken. For every three parts of the drug two parts by weight of alcohol is taken. The whole quantity of the chopped drug is at first moistened with just the quantity of alcohol necessary to bring the whole mass into a thick pulp. Remaining portion of the alcohol is now added with the drug and kept two or three days. The whole quantity is now strained through a piece of new linen. The tincture thus obtained is allowed to stand eight days in a well-stoppered bottle in a dark, cool place and the filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/2.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* 2 minims of the mother tincture and 8 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 1X potency of the drug.
* 1 minim of 1X dilution and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency of the drug.
* 1 minim of 2X dilution and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency of the drug.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 2 minims of mother tincture and 98 minims of dilute alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the second potency 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples Aconitum napellus; Euphrasia officinalis; Laurocerasus; Lupulus; Mercurialis perennis; Mezereum; Oleander; Prunus spinosa; Taxus baccata; Thlaspi bursa pastoris; Thuja occidentalis; Thymus vulgaris; Uva ursi; Verbena officinalis; Veronica officinalis; Vinca minor
CLASS (FORMULA) III
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/6
According to Class III, mother tinctures are prepared by mixing two parts by weight of alcohol with one part of the plant or part thereof.
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Scilla.
Preparation
A weighed quantity of the fresh drug is pounded to a fine pulp. Double the quantity by weight of alcohol is taken. At first, powdered drug is moistened with one-sixth part of alcohol. The moistened drug is put into a stoppered bottle and rest of the alcohol is added to it. The whole mixture is allowed to stand for eight days in a cool dark place. After this period the tincture is decanted, strained through new linen and filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/6.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* 6 minims of the mother tincture and 4 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 1X potency.
* 1 minim of 1X dilution and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* 1 minim of 2X dilution and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 6 minims of mother tincture and 94 minims of dilute alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Abies canadensis; Abroma augusta folia; Abrotanum; Absinthium; Acalypha indica; Actea spicata; Adonis vernalis; Aegle folia; Aesculus hippocastanum; Aethusa cynapium; Agaricus muscaris (tincture); Agave americana; Agnus castus; Ailanthus glandulosus; Aletris farinosa; Allium cepa; Allium sativum; Andrographis paniculata; Apocynum cannabinum; Aralia racemosa; Arnica montana; Artemisia vulgaris; Avena sativa; Baptisia tinctoria; Berberis vulgaris; Cactus grandiflorus; Calcarea carbonica; Caulophyllum thalictroides; Ceanothus americanus; Cimicifuga racemosa; Crataegus oxycantha; Dioscorea villosa; Echinacea angustifolia; Eugenia jambos; Eupatorium perfoliatum; Gelsemium sempervirens; Geranium maculatum; Hamamelis virginica; Hydrastis canadensis; Hypericum perforatum; Ledum palustre; Myrica serifera; Phytolacca decandra; Podophyllum peltatum; Polygonum punctatum; Pothos foetidus; Pulsatilla nigricans; Raphanus sativus; Rhus toxicodendron; Robinia pseudacacia; Sabal serrulata; Sabina; Sanguinaria canadensis; Scilla maritima; Secale cornutum; Trifolium pratense; Trillium pendulum; Veratrum viride; Viburnum opulus; Viola odorata; Wyethia helenioides; Yucca filamentosa
In footnote to aphorism 267, 6th edition, Hahnemann continues - Although equal parts of alcohol and freshly expressed juice are usually the most suitable proportion for affecting the deposition of the fibrinous and albuminous matters, yet for plants that contain much thick mucus (e.g. Symphytum officinale, Viola tricolor, etc.), or an excess of albumen (e.g. Aethusa cynapium, Solanum nigrum), a double proportion of alcohol is generally required for this object. Plants that are very deficient in juice, as Oleander, Buxus, Taxus, Ledum, Sabina, etc. must first be pounded up alone into a moist, fine mass and then stirred up with a double quantity of alcohol, in order that the juice may combine with it, and being thus extracted by alcohol, may be pressed out; these later may also when dried be brought with milk-sugar to the millionfold trituration and then be further diluted and potentized.
CLASS (FORMULA) IV
MOTHER TINCTURE
DRUG POWER 1/10
According to Class IV, tinctures are prepared from one part of the drug and five parts of alcohol.
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Spigelia and Staphysagria.
Preparation
A weighed quantity of the pulverized dried vegetable drug or pounded fresh animal substances are taken in a stoppered bottle and a quantity of alcohol equal in weight to five times the weight of the drug is poured over the drug into the bottle and kept in a cool dark place for eight days, shaking the bottle at least twice a day. After this period, the tincture is poured off, strained and filtered.
Drug power of the tincture is 1/10.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here the 1X potency is the same as the mother tincture of the drug, because mother tincture in this case contains 1/10 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of the mother tincture and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 10 minims of mother tincture and 90 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the second potency 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Abel moschus; Aloe socotrina (tincture); Alstonia scholaris; Anacardium orientale; Angustura; Apis mellifica; Aranea diadema; Arnica montana (G.H.P.); Asafoetida; Asterias rubens; Badiaga (tincture); Bovista; Calotropis gigantea; Cannabis indica; Cantharis (tincture); Capsicum; Cina; Cinchona officinalis (tincture); Cinnamomum; Coca; Cocculus indicus; Coccus cacti; Coffea cruda; Colocynthis; Gambogia; Helleborus niger; Hydrocotyle asiatica; Ignatia amara; Lycopodium clavatum; Nux moschata; Nux vomica; Opium; Physostigma venenosum; Ratanhia; Rhododendron; Ricinus communis; Sabadilla; Senega; Senna; Staphysagria; Usnea barbata; Valeriana officinalis; Veratrum album; Zingiber officinale
CLASS (FORMULA) V-A
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/10
Dissolve 1 part by weight of the medicinal substance in 9 parts by weight of distilled water.
Drug power of the solution is 1/10.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here 1X potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/10 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 1X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of distilled water give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* 1 minim of 2X potency and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* 1 minim of 3X potency and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 4X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 10 minims of the Aqueous solution and 90 minims of distilled water give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Acidum aceticum; Acidum chromicum; Acidum formicum; Acidum muriaticum; Acidum nitricum; Acidum sulphuricum; Ammonium carbonicum; Ammonium muriaticum; Argentum nitricum (solution); Aurum muriaticum; Baryta muriatica; Calcarea muriatica; Kali aceticum; Kali carbonicum (solution); Kali causticum;
CLASS (FORMULA) V-B
AQUEOUS SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/100
Dissolve 1 part by weight of the medicinal substance in 99 parts by weight of distilled water.
Drug power of the solution is 1/100.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here the 2X potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 2X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of dilute alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* 1 minim of 3X potency and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 4X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* Here the first potency 1C is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of the first potency 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* 1 minim of 2C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 3C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples Acidum hydrofluoricum; Acidum oxalicum (G.H.P.); Acidum phosphoricum; Acidum picricum (dilution); Borax (tincture); Bromium; Chlorum; Cuprum aceticum; Kali bichromicum (solution); Kali chloricum; Kali hydrobromicum; Mercurius cyanatus; Platinum muriaticum; Plumbum aceticum; Propylaminum
CLASS (FORMULA) VI-A
ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/10
Dissolve 1 part by weight (G.H.P. recommended 2 parts) of the medicinal substance in 9 parts by weight of alcohol.
Drug power of the solution is 1/100
The fundamental rule for this class is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Guaiacum.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here 1X potency is the same as the Solution of the drug, because the Solution in this case contains 1/10 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 1X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 2X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* 10 minims of the Solution and 90 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of the first centesimal potency 1C.
* 1 minim of 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Abies nigra; Acidum benzoicum (dilution); Acidum carbolicum; Amyl nitrosum; Calcarea caustica; Camphora; Chloralum; Chloroformium; Ferrum muriaticum; Glonoinum; Guaiacum officinale; Nitri spiritus dulcis
CLASS (FORMULA) VI-B
ALCOHOLIC SOLUTION
DRUG POWER 1/100
Dissolve 1 part by weight of the medicinal substance in 99 parts (G.H.P. recommended 50 parts) by weight of alcohol.
Drug power of the solution is 1/100.
Potencies on the Decimal scale
* Here the 2X potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of 2X potency (i.e. solution) and 9 minims of alcohol give 10 minims of 3X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 9 minims of alcohol.
Potencies on the Centesimal scale
* Here the first potency is the same as the Solution, because the Solution in this case contains 1/100 of the original drug.
* 1 minim of the first potency 1C and 99 minims of alcohol give 100 minims of 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency and 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Acidum benzoicum (G.H.P.); Acidum hydrocyanicum; Acidum lacticum; Arsenicum album (solution); Cajuputum; Carboneum sulphuratum; Copaiva officinalis; Croton tiglium; Eupion; Ferrum muriaticum; Iodium; Kali iodatum; Kreosotum; Mephitis; Nicotinum; Oloeum ricini; Petroleum (solution); Sinapis nigra; Sulphur (tincture); Tarantula cubensis (A.H.P.); Terebinthinae oleum; Upas tiente
CLASS (FORMULA) VII
TRITURATION OF DRY CRUDE DRUGS
The dry crude drug (pure) should in all cases be considered as the starting point whence to calculate the power of the drug.
The fundamental rule for this formula is contained in Hahnemann's Materia Medica Pura, under Arsenicum.
Trituration on the Decimal Scale
* 1 grain of the crude drug and 9 grains of sugar of milk give 10 grains of 1X trituration of the drug.
* Prepare 2X trituration and all succeeding triturations with 1 grain of the preceding trituration and 9 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 6X trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol, gives 8X potency.
* 1 minim of 8X potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives 9X potency.
* 1 minim of 9X potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives 10X potency.
* All succeeding potencies are prepared with 1 minim of preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Trituration on the Centesimal Scale
* 1 grain of the crude drug with 99 grains of sugar of milk give 100 grains of the first trituration of the drug 1C.
* Prepare 2C and all succeeding triturations with 1 grain of the preceding trituration and 99 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 3C trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 4C.
* 1 minim of 4C to 99 minims of alcohol gives 5C.
* All succeeding potencies are prepared with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol
Examples
Acidum benzoicum (trituration); Acidum boracicum (trituration); Acidum oxalicum (trituration); Acidum picricum (trituration); Adamas; Aethiops mineralis; Aloe socotrina (trituration); Alumen; Alumina; Aluminium metallicum; Ambra grisea (tincture); Ammoniacum gummi; Ammonium aceticum (trituration); Ammonium benzoicum; Ammonium bromatum; Ammonium carbonicum; Ammonium phosphoricum; Antimonium crudum; Argentum metallicum; Arsenicum album (trituration); Aurum metallicum; Badiaga; Baryta carbonica; Baryta muriatica; Borax (trituration); Cantharis (trituration); Carbo vegetabilis; Cuprum metallicum; Ferrum metallicum; Ferrum phosphoricum; Graphites; Hecla lava; Hepar sulphuris calcareum; Kali muriaticum; Osmium metallicum; Palladium; Plumbum metallicum; Selenium; Sepia (trituration); Silicea; Stannum metallicum; Strontium carbonicum; Sulphur (trituration); Sulphur iodatum; Tellurium; Zincum aceticum; Zincum bromatum; Zincum carbonicum; Zincum metallicum; Zincum phosphoricum
CLASS (FORMULA) VIII
TRITURATION OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES
The fundamental rule for this class (formula) is contained in Hahnemann's Chronic Diseases, under Petroleum.
Trituration on the Decimal Scale
* 1 minim of the drug with 9 grains of sugar of milk give 10 grains of 1X trituration of the drug.
* 1 part by weight of 1X trituration to 9 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2X trituration.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 grain of the preceding potency to 9 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 6X trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 8X potency.
* 1 minim of 8X potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives 9X potency.
* 1 minim of 9X potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives 10X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Trituration on the Centesimal Scale
* 1 minim of the original drug with 99 grains of sugar of milk gives 100 grains of the first trituration of the drug 1C.
* 1 part by weight of 1C to 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 grain of the preceding trituration to 99 grains of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 3C trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 4C.
* 1 minim of 4C potency to 99 minims of alcohol gives 5C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Antimonium muriaticum; Apisinum (Apium virus); Araneinum; Bothrops lanceolatus; Bufo rana; Crotalus horridus; Elaps corallinus; Lachesis; Murex purpurea; Myristica sebifera; Naja tripudians; Oleum animale (trituration); Oleum santali (trituration); Petroleum; Vaccininum; Variolinum
CLASS (FORMULA) IX
TRITURATION OF FRESH VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES For this class, the lower triturations of which cannot be preserved, the rule is found in Hahnemann's Chronic Diseases, under Agaricus.
Preparation
Fresh vegetables and animals are first pounded or grated to a fine pulp, then triturated and potentized according to the following proportions by weight and measure.
Trituration on the Decimal Scale
* 2 grains of the prepared pulp and 9 grains of sugar of milk give the 1X trituration. (two parts are taken because of loss by evaporation during trituration).
* 1 part by weight of 1X trituration to 9 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2X trituration.
* Prepare all succeeding triturations with 1 part by weight of the preceding trituration to 9 parts by weight of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 6X trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water and mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 8X potency.
* 1 minim of 8X potency to 9 minims of dilute alcohol gives 9X potency.
* 1 minim of 9X potency to 9 minims of alcohol gives 10X potency.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of preceding potency to 9 minims of alcohol.
Trituration on the Centesimal Scale
* 2 grains of the prepared pulp and 99 grains of sugar of milk give the first trituration 1C.
* 1 part by weight of 1C to 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk gives 2C trituration.
* Prepare all succeeding triturations with 1 part by weight of the preceding trituration to 99 parts by weight of sugar of milk.
Conversion into Liquid potencies
* 1 grain of 3C trituration dissolved in 50 minims of purified water mixed with 50 minims of alcohol gives 4C potency.
* 1 minim of 4C to 99 minims of alcohol gives 5C.
* Prepare all succeeding potencies with 1 minim of the preceding potency to 99 minims of alcohol.
Examples
Agaricus muscaris (trituration); Amphisbaena vermicularis; Anacardium orientale (trituration); Blatta americana; Blatta orientalis; Boletus satanus; Cervus brasilicus; Cyprinus barbus; Delphinus amazonica; Fel piscinum; Fel tauri; Fel vulpis; Ovum (Membranum ovi gallinacei); Sphingurus martini; Tarantula hispanica (G.H.P. old); Vulpis hepar; Vulpis pulmonale
SELF ASSESSMENT
* Discuss the Old / Hahnemannian method of preparation of medicines. What is basis of classification
* Discuss the Old/Hahnemannian method of preparation of mother tinctures
* Class I - IV
* Class V, VI
* Class VII - IX
QUIZ
1. Drug power of tincture prepared according to Class II is
(a) 1/2
(b) 1/5
(c) 1/6
(d) 1/10
2. the fundamental rule for Class IV is mentioned under
(a) Scilla
(b) Staphysagria
(c) Belladonna
(d) Thuja
3. Medicinal substances soluble in small quantities of alcohol are prepared according to
(a) Class VA
(b) Class VB
(c) Class VIA
(d) Class VIB
4. Drug : Menstruum ratio of Class I is
(a) 1 : 2
(b) 1 : 1
(c) 1 : 5
(d) 3 : 2
5. Lachesis tincture is prepared according to
(a) Class IX
(b) Class VIII
(c) Class VII
(d) Class IV
ANSWERS: 1 (a); 2 (b); 3 (c); 4 (b); 5 (b)
MOTHER TINCTURES
BY EXTRACTION WITH LIQUID VEHICLE
1. SOURCE
CLASS I
Most juicy plants (mostly European)
CLASS II
Less juicy plants (mostly European)
CLASS III
Fresh plants (all American and some European)
CLASS IV
Dried vegetable; dried and fresh animal substances
2.NATURE OF DRUG
CLASS I
Non-mucilagenous, no resins, terpins or volatile oils
CLASS II
Non-mucilagenous, but with resins, terpins or volatile oils
CLASS III
Mucilagenous drug substances
CLASS IV
Dried drug substances
3.FUNDAMENTAL RULE
CLASS I
Belladonna (Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS II
Thuja (Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS III
Scilla (Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS IV
Spigelia and Staphysagria (Materia Medica Pura)
4.DRUG : MENSTRUUM
CLASS I
1 : 1 (by weight)
CLASS II
3 : 2 (by weight)
CLASS III
1 : 2 (by weight)
CLASS IV
1 : 5 (by weight)
5. DRUG STRENGTH
CLASS I
1/2
CLASS II
1/2
CLASS III
1/6
CLASS IV
1/10
6.DURATION
CLASS I
Eight days
CLASS II
Eight days
CLASS III
Eight days
CLASS IV
Fifteen days
7. DECIMAL - 1X (Tincture : Vehicle)
CLASS I
2 : 8
CLASS II
2 : 8
CLASS II
6 : 4
CLASS IV
Drug strength already 1/10
8. CENTESIMAL - 1C (Tincture : Vehicle)
CLASS I
2 : 98
CLASS II
2 : 98
CLASS III
6 : 94
CLASS IV
10 : 90
9.ORGANON REFERENCE
CLASS I
Aphorism 267
CLASS II
---
CLASS III
Footnote to Aphorism 267
CLASS IV
---
10. EXAMPLES
CLASS I
Arum triphyllum, Bryonia, Calendula, Chamomilla, Ruta graveolens
CLASS II
Euphrasia, Mezereum, Vinca minor
CLASS III
Abrotanum, Aesculus, Arnica, Baptisia, Gelsemium, Pulsatilla, Rhus toxicodendron CLASS IV
Aloe, Apis mellifica, Cantharis, Cina, Cinchona officinalis, Colocynthis, Ignatia, Lycopodium, Nux vomica
MOTHER SOLUTIONS SOLUTION OF DRUG SUBSTANCES IN LIQUID VEHICLE
1. SOURCE
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in less quantity of water
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in greater quantity of water
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in less quantity of alcohol
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Substances soluble in greater quantity of alcohol 2. DRUG : VEHICLE
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1 : 9 (by weight)
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1 : 99 (by weight)
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1 : 9 (by weight)
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1 : 99 (by weight)
3. DRUG STRENGTH
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1/10
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
1/100
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1/10
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
1/100
4. PREPARATION - 1X
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1X
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Not possible - first potency is 2X
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1X
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Not possible - first potency is 2X
5. PREPARATION - 1C
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
10 parts of solution : 90 parts of purified water
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1C
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
10 parts of solution : 90 parts of alcohol
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Preparation corresponds to 1C
6. EXAMPLES
CLASS VA (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Nitric acid, Ammonium carb, Baryta mur, Natrum mur
CLASS VB (AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS)
Phosphoric acid, Bromium, Kali bichromicum, Antim tart
CLASS VIA (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Guaiacum, Camphor, Chloralum, Abies nigra
CLASS VIB (ALCOHOLIC SOLUTIONS)
Arsenicum alb, Iodum, Tarentula cub, Croton tig
MOTHER SUBSTANCES TRITURATION OF SUBSTANCES INSOLUBLE IN LIQUID VEHICLE
1. SOURCE
CLASS VII
Trituration of dried medicinal substances
CLASS VIII
Trituration of liquid medicinal substances
CLASS IX
Trituration of fresh vegetable and animal substances
2. FUNDAMENTAL RULE
CLASS VII
Arsenicum album
(Materia Medica Pura)
CLASS VIII
Petroleum
(Chronic Diseases)
CLASS IX
Agaricus muscaris
(Chronic Diseases)
3. DRUG : VEHICLE
CLASS VII
1 : 9 (by weight) - decimal
1 : 99 (by weight) - centesimal
CLASS VIII
1 : 9 (by weight) - decimal
1 : 99 (by weight) - centesimal
CLASS IX
2 : 9 (by weight) - decimal
2 : 99 (by weight) - centesimal
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