Moschus 200c

- VERMEULEN Frans,
Moschus glands
Mosch.
Everybody sets out to do something, and everybody does something, but no one does what he sets out to do.
[George A. Moore]
Signs
Moschus moschiferus. Siberian Musk Deer.
CLASSIFICATION The mammalian order Artiodactyla, or even-toed ungulates, derives its name from Gr artios, even in number, and daktylos, finger or toe. The name refers to a skeletal structure in which the third and fourth digit form a symmetrical pair and the hindfoot bears an even number of digits. This, as well as the structure of the ankle bone, distinguishes the artiodactyls from the odd-toed ungulates [Perissodactyla] such as the horse, tapir, rhinoceros, and some extinct species. The large and medium-size artiodactyls, all herbivores, are distributed among nine families or tribes: pigs, peccaries, hippopotamuses, camels, chevrotains, giraffes and okapi, bovids, pronghorn, and deer.
DEER "The feature most commonly associated with deer is the presence of antlers. Deer occur mainly in forests but may be found in habitats as diverse as deserts, tundra, swamps, and high mountainsides. They are native to Europe, Asia, North America, South America, and northern Africa, and they have been introduced into such areas as the Hawaiian Islands, Australia, and New Zealand. There are about 16 genera and about 30 species. Although they are variously classified by different authorities, they are often divided into four subfamilies: Moschinae [musk deer], Muntiacinae [muntjacs], Odocoileinae [hollow-toothed deer], and Cervinae [true deer]. Deer range in shoulder height from about 30 cm in the pudu [genus Pudu] to 2 m or more in the moose [species Alces alces]. Deer characteristically have lithe but compact bodies and short tails. The ears are large but usually slender. The legs are usually long and slender and are provided with paired hooves. Generally the fur is slightly harsh but has a smooth appearance. Some deer possess a shaggier coat, especially in the cold seasons. The colour is usually brownish to tawny, often with white on the chest and throat. In most kinds the coat of the young, or fawn, is spotted; and in some, especially the smaller species, the spotting may be retained by the adult. Antlers, their most outstanding feature, are borne by adult males in all but two species-the musk deer [Moschus moschiferus] and the Chinese water deer [Hydropotes inermis]-and are borne by both male and female reindeer, or caribou [Rangifer tarandus]. The musk and Chinese water deer, as well as the muntjacs [Muntiacus] and tufted deer [Elaphodus cephalophus] have long, tusklike upper canine teeth. As herbivorous animals, deer feed on grass, twigs, bark, and shoots. They are usually gregarious, and some make long annual migrations. They are most active in early morning and late afternoon, resting at midday and at night. Most live in small bands comprising a family group, though the males are prone to be solitary seasonally."1
MOSCHUS There are four and possibly six or more species of musk deer. Little is known about their biology. Musk deer are a primitive deer about the size of a medium-sized dog. They have large, rounded, hare-like ears, no visible tails, no antlers, arched backs, and long hind limbs. Unlike all other deer, musk deer have a gall bladder. In some species both sexes [in others, only the males] have long upper, sharp canines or tusks, protruding from the mouth in a fang-like manner. The canines are used to dig up roots. They are constantly growing, but break easily, due to their mobility and fragility. Only males have musk glands, the contents of which are literally more valuable than gold. The scent gland is present at the male deer's birth, but for the first two years it produces merely a milky liquid with an unpleasant stench. Musk deer are solitary and shy. Their preferred domain is birch forest and scrub in the upper temperate and alpine zones of Asia and eastern Russia. This graceful animal is timid but, according to Leeser, attracted by the sound of the flute.
MOSCHUS MOSCHIFERUS The Siberian musk deer weighs 7-17 kg. The general body colour is grey-brown with stripes across the back. The head is grey flecked with white. The rump and thigh areas are darker, with orange in the anal region. It is generally nocturnal and eats a variety of vegetation, such as leaves, flowers, young shoots, grasses, mosses and lichens. It can be found in forest and brushland at altitudes of 2600-3600 m in Siberia, Mongolia, North and South Korea, Northeast China, and countries of the Himalayan region. The largest numbers occur in China and Russia. Except for a female and her young, the musk deer is solitary outside of the rutting season. Musk deer are strongly territorial. Males scent mark their territories by rubbing their tail against trees and stones. The dung of males also smells strongly of musk at most times of the year. But the musk is most abundant when the animal is in rut. Mating usually takes place in January; the female bears 1 young at a time [rarely 2] over a gestation period of 180 days. After birth, the young deer lie hidden in secluded areas for up to 2 months. The age to sexual maturity is two years. It does not undertake any seasonal migrations, but remains in the same area year-round despite harsh weather conditions. Extremely shy and usually well concealed, it depends on its sense of hearing to locate sources of danger, in which case it will emit a non-vocal alarm call, described as a double hiss. It then escapes out of sight by making broad leaps, which may measure up to 6 metres in length.
MUSK Three of the oldest-known ingredients of perfumes - musk, ambergris, and civet - are odoriferous animal products. Although mammals such as the muskrat or the musk-duck and plants such as Malva moschata or Abelmoschus furnish natural sources of musky scents, that of the musk deer is in such high demand in the international perfume trade that some musk deer populations can be driven out of existence, according to the World Wide Fund for Nature. For every kilogram of musk 100 musk deer have to be killed. Raw musk is taken from the male animal's scent glands, or 'pods'. The size of a large walnut, this gland lies in a pouch, or sac, beneath the skin of the abdomen, between the genitals and umbilicus. Fresh musk is a brownish wax-like substance but dries to a grainy powder. Natural musk is in high demand in the perfume industry but also in traditional Chinese medicine. Instead of synthetic musk, some perfume houses still use natural musk in a few traditional and expensive perfumes. Musk imparts character, strength, and tenacity to perfume. In India and parts of the Far East, aphrodisiac, stimulant, and antispasmodic effects have been attributed to musk.
PRODUCTION OF MUSK "A number of plants have a musky smell, mainly the root of Ferula sumbul, an Umbellifer which grows in those regions where the musk deer lives. The animal shows a predilection for this 'musk-root', and this is probably of importance for the production of the volatile oil in the secretion. The musk deer also likes lichens; the author does not know, however, whether this is the lichen Evernia prunastri, closely related to Usnea barbata, which the ancients called 'Muscus' and from which oak-moss oil is obtained for use in the perfume industry, nor whether this lichen is frequent in the Himalayas. Although the metabolic processes in the musk deer which lead to muscone and similar substances in the musk secretion are not yet known, one may well assume that this feeding on aromatic plant substances rich in etheric oils is of importance."2
HISTORY "Musk is the most potent of all perfumes. Its sweet, penetrating scent is absorbed and retained by anything in its vicinity - even, it has been reported, polished steel. For this reason, the British East Indian Company, in the 19th century, refused to accept musk as a cargo on any ship that was also carrying tea. Musk is also the preferred aphrodisiac of the perfume world; it is thought to give any perfume an erotic 'lift' and to stimulate desire in those who wear it and those who inhale it. By the turn of the 6th and 7th centuries AD musk was among the precious spices and perfumes that Arab merchant ships were bringing from India and China to the Mediterranean. Musk became particularly popular in the Mahomedan world. In the Garden of Paradise, according to the Koran, the believer will be welcomed by beautiful houris created entirely of musk. ['He who yearns for blissfulness shall yearn for musk.'] The followers of Mohammed valued musk above all other scents and they took advantage of its long-lasting properties by incorporating it in some of their buildings. Many of their mosques - including that at Tabriz, Iran - were built with mortar that had been mixed with musk. The mosques so built retained their pervasive aroma of musk for very long periods. ... Aleister Crowley, the Great Beast, claimed that his attraction to women was due to an ointment - called the Perfume of Immortality - that he rubbed over his body. It had to be rubbed in so thoroughly, he said, 'that the subtle perfume of the preparation is not detected, or even suspected, by others.' Since it was made of three parts of civet, two parts of musk, and one part of ambergris, it is hard to believe that any amount of rubbing in made this a 'subtle' perfume. It was, however, 'a most powerful weapon, the more potent for being secret, against the deepest elements in the nature of those whom it wished to attract'."3
MEDICINE Musk has been since 5000 years in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine for making medicinal preparations. Today it is contained in about 300 medicines in China and Korea, as a sedative and a stimulant to treat a variety of ailments relating to the heart [angina pectoris, nerves [hysteria and epilepsy], breathing [asthma], female organs [amenorrhoea] and sexuality. Small doses exert a stimulating effect and large doses a depressing effect on the central nervous system. Laboratory experiments on mice have shown that its infusion decreases the permeability of blood vessels to a degree three times stronger than that of the bioflavonoid rutin. [Rutin is a well-known treatment for piles, varicose veins and hypertension.] In experimental animals, musk reportedly increases myocardial contractility without effect on the heart rate or coronary flow. "Musk has been used since times immemorial by the Chinese, as an aphrodisiac. The ancient Greek, however, did not, as far as can be ascertained, know it. What Hippocrates used in sterility of women as a fumigant and vaginal insertion as well as in small internal doses was not, as one sometimes finds stated, musk, but castoreum. The philologists have taught us that musk must have been confused with castoreum from a very early era. The Sanskrit word for musk was kasturi. The Greek made this into 'kastor' for the beaver; they obviously took castoreum, which they knew and were able to obtain, to be the same as the musk used the Indians and Chinese. What Dioscorides described as 'Muscus' is a fragrant arboreal lichen, called 'Bryon' by Hippocrates, and possibly Evernia prunastri."4
PROVINGS •• [1] Hahnemann - 4 provers; method: unknown.
•• [2] Jörg - 9 provers [7 males, 2 females]; method: repeated and increasing doses of 2-10 grains of crude substance, for 1-5 days. In some instances the musk was "rubbed up with same quantity of magnesia."
•• [3] Berridge - 6 provers [5 females, 1 male], c. 1875; method: single dose of 2nd or 6th dils. or 1st or 3rd trits., observation periods less than a day.
•• [4] Hromoda - 5 'provers' [3 males, 2 females]; method: effects of making first trituration; also intake of 6th dil. in a manner not stated.
[1] Encyclopaedia Britannica. [2] Leeser, Mammalia: The Group of Nervina; BHJ, Oct. 1960. [3] Trueman, The Romantic Story of Scent. [4] Leeser, ibid.
Affinity
NERVES [SENSORY; genital]. Respiration. Circulation. * Right side. Left side.
Modalities
Worse: Excitement. Cold; cold open air. Suppressions; menses, etc. While eating.
Better: Fresh open air. Rubbing. Getting warm. Warmth in general.
Main symptoms
M Sensitive and spoiled.
• "Moschus cures many hysterical girls who have come to adult age without ever learning what obedience means. They are self-willed, obstinate and selfish. When they have been encouraged to resort to crafty cunning, to have every whim gratified from infancy to eighteen years of age, they become fit subjects for Mosch., Asaf., Ign. and Valer. They not only have volumes of real and imaginary symptoms, but they become adept at producing at will a kaleidoscopic complex of symptoms, increasing in quantity and intensity until all their own desires are attained, and the onlooker, be he or she nurse, physician or bewildered mother, is dismayed or in retreat. However much they pretend to be honest and trustful, their reported sensations are untrustworthy. They have traded upon their sensations and imagination so long that a direct effort to give a truthful statement is unsuccessful. The most erratic and unexpected neuropathic phenomena are always in appearance. The physician cannot measure these cases by his experience and say what is common and uncommon." [Kent]
* "Suited to spoiled, sensitive natures." [Clarke]
M Attention seeking.
Deep psychological states with FEIGNING SICKNESS.
Or lying about so as to get what she wants.
HYSTERIA [= conscious or unconscious need to dominate the surroundings]. Delusion OPPOSED BY EVERYONE.
Constantly make a scene.
• "Imaginary sufferings." [Boger]
• "Complains of horrible pains, but when asked where, begins to complain still more, but cannot tell where the pains are." [Hughes]
M Spasmodic, nervous effects.
Laughter, crying, hiccough, twitchings, choking, FAINTING, etc.
M Hurried, tremulous and AWKWARD.
Busy and weak.
Business alternating with laziness.
• "He sits doing nothing, then runs about to and fro; finds fault with everything he sees."
• "She is extremely busy, but hardly has she begun to put things in order when everything falls out of her hands from weakness." [Hughes]
M Anger; talks EXCITEDLY or scolds until she faints or gets blue in the face.
M Rising and falling.
• "Before the loss of consciousness, all seemed to go round in a circle, at first slowly, then always quicker and quicker, and at last it seemed as if she was hovering in the air, stupefied, and when in this state it seemed to her that she fell from a great height." [Hughes]
Wants to be the best, but on the quiet.
• "Wanting to be well above everyone else, but then being afraid of making a mistake which everyone else can see and of falling off one's pedestal. ... At school he is very ambitious. 'Satisfactory' grades are not for him. On one occasion he was top of the class in a maths test - a goal he had worked ambitiously to achieve. The maths teacher proclaimed him the 'King of Arithmetic' in front of the class, which was a disaster for Daniel. He would like to be the best, but without anyone else knowing. ... In the first few weeks after taking the Moschus, Daniel had behaved in a very strange fashion. 'He would climb up on all the cupboards in the house, he always had to be high up; if he'd been able to he would have climbed up the blinds. He fixed up a bed on top of the cupboard in his bedroom with blankets and cushions and put up a notice saying: Do not disturb.'"1
Ambition, arrogance, childishness, and failure.
• "We find a strong urge towards upward mobility. Even in childhood this is noticeable in the form of a desire to climb. Musk deer originally inhabited mountainous areas. When the child goes to school, this desire is transformed into powerful ambition and striving to be 'the best'. One aspect of the dynamic of all this is an arrogant looking-down on other beings who are less desirous or capable of equal achievements. The 'masculine' performance-oriented style of behaviour is in strong contrast to the other - usually well-concealed - aspect of the person: childlike and childish tendencies, an attachment to cuddly toys and suckable things, playing silly pranks, and so on. Animals are the patient's 'best friends'. The striving for 'masculine honour' extends naturally and especially into the area of sexuality, where it finds expression in the form of violent, increased or excessive sexual desire. 'Pride comes before a fall', and 'The higher you climb, the further you fall' are fitting warnings for those who are ambitious but who lack self-confidence. Thus Moschus tries to be the best, but on the quiet, so that if a fall occurs it will attract the minimum attention from a public who are perceived as hostile. The threat of exposure, disgrace and humiliation is ever present. The fear of these may have its origin in a bad experience following some failure. Inner uncertainty of this nature, combined with external anticipatory pressure and overweening demands upon oneself all inherently imply the consequence: a fall. ... It is surprising how often one sees in the case a history of an unusually intense affinity to a father-figure. As a powerful controlling influence over all that happens, on the one hand he is admired, on the other hand he is a threatening presence. From one particular point in time he demands more than the person in question is in a position to supply. As an external factor, an over-demanding father can only bring about Moschus problems if he resonates with something which is within the potential Moschus patient."2
G CHILLY.
Cold air = shivering.
• "External chilliness with internal heat." [Guernsey]
G < COLD in general. < Becoming cold. Sensation of cold wind; sensation of air, as if fanned. G Debility, which is felt more during rest than during motion. • "When walking he does not feel any weakness, but when he sits down he immediately feels paralytic weakness in the knees, as from great loss of power and exhaustion." [Hahnemann] G Sleepy by day. Sleepless at night; wakes every minute. G > During menses.
G TWINGING pain.
G Tingling with heaviness in the limbs.
P Headache.
And Coldness, faintness and polyuria.
P Vomiting < vomiting. • "Vomiting of the food, then subsequent vomiting and more vomiting." [Guernsey] Attacks of nausea and vomiting. < Looking at food; thought of food. P Sudden nervous suffocation or anxious palpitation. Wants to take a DEEP BREATH. > BELCHING.
[1-2] Karl-Josef Müller, Moschus: The Clinical Rediscovery of a Homoeopathic Remedy; 1997.
Rubrics
Mind
Desires activity [1]. Ailments from deceived ambition [1M]. Love for animals [1M]. Anger, so angry that he could have stabbed anyone [1]. Awkward, drops things [1], from haste [2]. Busy and weak [1/1]. Childish behaviour [1M]. Desire to climb [1M]. Confusion from motion [1]. Cunning [1]. Talks of death [1]. Delusions, he is blind [1], he himself was dead [1], of being double [1], elevated in the air and would fall [1/1], fingers cut off [1/1], floating in air [1], having two heads [1], he is hindered by everyone [1], identity, she is someone else [1], objects in room seem to be large black figures seeking to press on to him [1H]. Fear, of death on lying down [1/1], from noise [1], of suffocation while lying [1]. Haughty [1M]. Laughing, immoderately [2], uncontrollable [1]. Loquacity, as if drunk [2]. Selfishness [1]. Sensitive to reproaches [1M].
Vertigo
As if elevated [1]. As if falling from a height [1]. When looking at moving objects [1]. With vomiting [1].
Head
Coldness spreads from the head [1]. Pain, pressing inward, vertex, as from a weight [1H]. Perspiration of scalp, occiput [1].
Face
Twitching around mouth [1].
Stomach
Nausea, after coition [1], on looking at food [1], on thought of food [1], during pregnancy [1M], < thinking of it [1]. Vomiting after coition [1]. Rectum Constipation, after coffee [2/1], > drinking [1].
Female
Menses, painful, > flow [1].
Chest
Palpitation, > eructations [1].
Limbs
Restlessness, lower limbs, while sitting [1].
Sleep
Sleeplessness, after drugs [1], from excitement [1], from perspiration [1].
Dreams
Anger [1]. Being busy [1]. Conspiracies [1]. Defamation [1/1]. Shameful [2].
Perspiration
Odour, musk [1].
Generals
Faintness, after anger [1], with coldness of skin [1], during menses [2]. Pain shifts to part lain on [1]. Trembling from noise [1].
* Repertory additions: [H] = Hughes; [M] = Müller.
Food
Desire: [1]: Beer; brandy; cheese; coffee, coffee, black; stimulants.
Worse: [1]: Food, sight of; food, thought of.

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