Carbo animalis

- VERMEULEN Frans,

Animal Carbon
 Carb-an.
Nothing is more responsible for the 'good old days' than a poor memory.
[McKenzie]
Signs
Animal Charcoal.
CARBON BLACK Hahnemann prepared animal charcoal by placing a thick piece of ox-leather among red-hot coals, allowing it to burn until the last flame has completely expired, and then placing it between two stone plates to extinguish it immediately. By the term 'carbon black' or 'activated carbon' several forms of artificially prepared carbon or charcoal are designated, e.g. : animal charcoal, obtained by charring bones, meat, blood, etc.; gas black or furnace black, obtained by incomplete combustion of natural gas; lamp black, obtained by burning various fats, oils, resins, etc., under suitable conditions; activated charcoal, e.g. Carbomix, Medicoal, Norit, prepared from wood and vegetables. 1
CONSTITUENTS Depending on the process of manufacture there are variations in the chemical composition of carbon black. It typically contains 88-99.5% carbon; 0.3-11% oxygen; 0.1-1% hydrogen; up to 1% inorganic materials [principally calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate in animal charcoal]; a small amount of tarry matter and traces of sulphur.
USES Pigment for rubber tires [an average tire contains about four pounds of carbon black; it improves its wearing qualities]; for printing, stencilling and drawing inks; for carbon paper, typewriter ribbons, and paints; for leather; stove polish, photograph records, electrical insulating apparatus. Also used in removing coloured impurities from liquids, esp. solutions of raw sugar. Animal charcoal is used as a black colouring [E 153] in confectionery such as liquorice and jellybeans, as well as in jams and concentrated fruit juices.
CARCINOGEN The standardized morbidity of carbon black workers, in comparison with that of other workers, suggests that carbon black may be a carcinogen. Studies suggest that carbon black may cause leukaemia. Gas black has been banned by the FDA for use as a colour additive in foods, drugs and cosmetics. Carbon black in general continues to be permitted in the EEC as specific purity criteria are said to ensure a minimum of impurities. "A similar alteration of the metabolism in the epithelial cells, depression of the oxidative and predominance of the fermentative process, must be taken into consideration in the development of carcinoma from many types of carbon substances. ... It is indeed no accident that these same impure carbon products ever recur in antiquity in the external and internal treatment of cancer. Wood and animal charcoal have not only proven themselves in respect to deodorizing adsorption action in sloughing ulcers, but from the internal use of animal charcoal, noteworthy results were obtained over 100 years ago in carcinoma of the uterus."2
Animal Carbon
CARBON Carbon was the first [chemical] element to be discovered, followed by, respectively, sulphur, copper, silver, gold, iron, tin, antimony, mercury, lead, arsenic, and bismuth. Carbon was known to cavemen in the form of soot and charcoal. It is a non-metallic element in-group 14 [formerly 4A] of the periodic table, along with silicium, germanium, tin, and lead. Its name derives from L. carbo, coal or charcoal. An element of prehistoric discovery, carbon is widely distributed in nature, and also found in abundance in the sun, stars, comets, and atmospheres of most planets. The energy of the sun and stars can be attributed at least in part to the well-known carbon-nitrogen cycle. It occurs naturally in two stable isotopes - carbon 12 and 13. It has four radioactive isotopes - carbon 10, 11, 14 and 15. Carbon does not melt, but rather sublimes at about 3500o C. It is found in three main allotropic forms - amorphous [known as carbon black], diamond and graphite. A forth form, known as 'white' carbon, is now thought to exist. In combination, carbon is found as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of the earth and dissolved in all natural waters. It is a component of great rock masses in the form of carbonates of calcium [limestone], magnesium, and iron. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are chiefly hydrocarbons. Carbon is unique among the elements in the vast number and variety of compounds it can form. It forms more compounds than all the other elements combined. There are close to ten million known carbon compounds, many thousands of which are vital to organic and life processes. Each year new ones are synthesized by chemists. 3 Much of the diversity and complexity of organic forms is due to the capacity of carbon atoms for uniting with each other in various chain and ring structures and three-dimensional conformations, as well as for linking with other atoms. In spite of this, carbon is not particularly plentiful, making up only about 0.025 per cent of the Earth's crust. With hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and a few other elements, carbon forms compounds that make up about 18 per cent of all the matter in living things. At ordinary temperatures, carbon is very unreactive and it does not react with acids or alkalies. At high temperatures it combines readily with sulphur vapour, with silicon and certain metals, and with oxygen. 4
CARBON-14 Carbon-14, the longest-lived radioactive carbon isotope with a half-life of 5730 years, is used in carbon dating to date such materials as wood, archaeological specimens, geological material, etc. The occurrence of natural radioactive carbon in the atmosphere provides a unique opportunity to date organic materials as old as 50,000 years. The carbon-14 dating technique relies on the progressive decay or disappearance of the radioactive parent with time. The method resulted from the discovery that all parts of the carbon cycle are 'invaded' by the isotope carbon-14. The ratio of radioactive C-14 to nonradioactive C-12 in living creatures is always the same as that in the environment because carbon is constantly being exchanged between the environments and organisms. As soon as a living creature dies, it ceases to equilibrate its carbon compounds with the environment, resulting in a decrease of the ratio C-14 to C-12. By measuring the fraction of C-14 in a carbon specimen it can be calculated how much time has elapsed since it died.
OX The ox is a symbol of kindliness, tranquility and peaceful strength. In its patient toil in the service of growth and regeneration, it has the power of work and of sacrifice. Throughout East Asia the ox, and the buffalo, are venerated as mankind's most valuable helpers. They were the steeds of the sages and notably of Lao Tzu in his journey to the western borders. There is a gentleness and aloofness about these animals which suggests contemplation. The white ox is contemplative wisdom in Chinese Buddhism. The Ancient Greeks regarded the oxen as sacred animals and often offered them in sacrifice. The Sun [Apollo] had his herd of spotless, white oxen with golden horns. In Christian symbolism the ox is an attribute of St Luke who places emphasis on the sacrificial aspect of Christ's life in his gospel. The Taoists consider the ox dangerous when undisciplined but powerfully useful when tamed. In the 'Ten pictures of the Taming of the Cow' of Taoistic Buddhism the untamed ox is depicted as wholly black; it becomes white as the taming process develops and finally disappears completely, which symbolizes the transcendence of natural conditions.
COW The cow personifies the Great Mother and all moon goddesses in their nourishing aspect. She is the productive power of the earth and the maternal instinct. Scandinavian myths tell that the primordial cow sprang from the ice and by licking the ice produced the first man. In Vedic literature the black cow played a part in funeral rites, whilst the white was a symbol of illumination. Its image is everywhere one of happiness and patience. In many cultures public scapegoats serve to expel embodied evils. A black cow not uncommonly acts as the vehicle which carries away the collected demons or ills of a whole community. "When cholera rages among the Bhars, Mallans, and Kurmis of India, they take a goat or a buffalo - in either case the animal must be female, and as black as possible - then having tied some grain, cloves, and red lead in a yellow cloth on its back they turn it out of the village. The animal is conducted beyond the boundary and not allowed to return. Amongst the Dinkas, a pastoral people of the White Nile, each family possesses a sacred cow. When the country is threatened with war, famine, or any other public calamity, the chiefs of the village require a particular family to surrender their sacred cow to serve as a scapegoat. The animal is driven by the women to the brink of the river and across it to the other bank, there to wander in the wilderness and fall a prey to ravening beasts. Then the women return in silence and without looking behind them; were they to cast a backward glance, they imagine that the ceremony would have no effect."5
PROVINGS •• [1] Hahnemann - on himself and one associate; method: unknown.
•• [2] Additional symptoms from Adam, a Russian physician, Wahle, and Hartlaub and Trinks; methods: unknown.
[1] Merck Index. [2] Leeser, Textbook of Hom. MM, Inorganic Medicinal Substances. [3] Lide, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. [4] Encyclopaedia Britannica. [5] Fraser, The Golden Bough.
Affinity
METABOLISM. Glands. VEINLETS.
Modalities
Worse: Slight causes [small depletions; sprains; lifting; taking cold]. WHILE EATING. Dry, cold air. Shaving. Old age. After menses; during menses. Slightest touch. Lying on right side. After midnight. Fat food. Milk.
Better: Laying hand on part. Rubbing the eyes. Warm room.
Comparisons
c COMMON SYMPTOMS OF CARBO ANIMALIS AND LAC DEFLORATUM
Thoughts of death. - Fear in a crowd and in narrow places. - Fear of suffocation. - Forsaken feeling. - Vertigo with tendency to fall to the right. - Vertigo from moving or turning the head. - Frontal headache in morning on rising, during menses. - Bursting feeling in vertex, as if falling apart or as if as if top of head would come off. - Heaviness of eyes during menses. - Complaints during pregnancy [nausea] and after delivery [agalactia]. - Weakness of ankles.
Main symptoms
M Nostalgia. Homesickness.
Old people with a strong LONGING for the PAST; do not enjoy modern life.
• "In the past everything was better." "When I was young . . ."
• "The symptom of homesickness is actually a state of never being contented away from the accustomed routine - and the place of accustomed routine is home. Thus, this symptom is not an expression of a human attachment to home and family but of a rigid adherence to routine and habit."1
• "Longing for change and freedom, esp. for the freedom of the past. It is a kind of sourness and discontentment that might make us think of Calc-p. or Tub."2
c Forsaken feeling. Everything seems to have changed.
• "The objects on the street seem to him changed, e.g. , farther apart and brighter than usual, as in an empty, abandoned city."
• "Extreme melancholy mood, with a sensation of being deserted."
• "He feels, in the morning, as if he was deserted and full of homesickness." [Hahnemann]
M STAGNATION.
• "[The Carbo's] are products, precipitates, as it were, of living and dying organisms, of incomplete combustion, oxidation not carried to its ultimate product of carbon dioxide, but prematurely precipitated - an incompletely fulfilled life cycle. The converting of living organic substance into combustion products, of which ashes or slag may be in the by-product, is comparable to the living process itself. Through the 'living breath' through oxidation we convert living matter into carbon dioxide. The appearance of incompletely oxidized carbons would thus be the correlate of an incompletely or not satisfactorily completed life process. The full consummation of the burning up of the life process is reached in old age, is completed in death. The production of incompletely oxidized carbons may be comparable to an incompletely accomplished ageing process. ... Thus, the pathology of Carbo animalis could be understood, in its psychological aspect, as the difficulty encountered by the need of acceding to the demands of age on the instinct and affect level which requires acceptance, receptivity, tolerance, understanding, yielding, and yet wise discretion. Instead of the mellowing wise acceptance, this phase is met with resistance and repression. The result is anxiety, rigidity, setness and stagnation. ... The Carbo animalis patient fails to heed the call of age for greater acceptance and greater flexibility towards feeling. He stagnates in isolation, restriction and hardening, not mellowed by warmth and acceptance. ... These patients become slaves to their own rigid routine and respond with anxiety to the threat of disturbance of their accustomed way of life. ... The Carbo animalis patients are poor mixers, even though they may enjoy the company of one or two individuals, one or two good friends who, however, have to be of their own choice, meet their specifications, individuals to whom they are accustomed. New friends, newcomers cannot be accepted. Everywhere through the symptomatology of Carbo animalis we meet aversion and incapacity to deal with changes of routine. ... Sluggishness, lethargy, loss of ambition and energy and the inability to undertake anything new, to undertake anything that is different or a change of accustomed routine activity result. The patient is hard to get started, resents being prodded and hurried. ... The Carbo animalis covers the whole range of food intoxications in the widest sense of meaning. Even normally harmless foods will present problems which the weak assimilative power of the organism cannot adequately handle."3
M Desire to be alone; avoids company and conversation.
• "Desire to be alone; she is sad and reflective; avoids all conversation."
• "Discouraged and sad; everything seems so sad and lonely that she desires to weep." [Allen]
G SLOW, painful processes.
And Induration and burning like fire; or threatening malignancy.
Cancerous affections.
[induration of glands: throat, axillae, groins, breasts]
[pains burning, cutting, lancinating]
• "Primarily end-of-the-line situations and malignancies." [Morrison]
G Circulation.
• "Old persons who have distended veins and sluggish circulation, suffering from cyanosis and great debility." [Mathur]
G Chilly and FEEBLE persons.
Burned-out.
• "Weakness and lack of energy of the whole body, with numb feeling in the head." [Hahnemann]
• "Lack of reaction - do not respond to homeopathic remedies." [Mathur]
No feelings of pleasure or pain.
G Weakness due to loss of blood [Chin.] or from perspiration.
Bad effects of some exhausting illness.
Weakness of NURSING WOMEN.
G Extreme debility during and after menses, can hardly speak.
G < MORNING ON WAKING and EVENING IN BED. G FOUL, acrid discharges. Foul, exhausting perspiration at night, staining yellow. G SORE pains [esp. in glands]. G Straining by LIFTING [least weight]; weakness and easy dislocation of joints. G STRETCHING during menses. P Acne rosacea with unsightly scars. P Empty, gone feeling in stomach [not > eating] during and after breast-feeding.
P Extreme DISTENSION of the abdomen, with great accumulation of gas [< lying down], after ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS. [According to Tyler the best remedy for this problem.] P Uterine affections, very similar to Sep. [both remedies have a yellowish brown saddle across the nose, weakness, bearing down pain in uterus and an empty, gone feeling in the stomach not > eating], but with MALIGNANCY.
• "In all the female diseases the patient is extremely prostrated; can hardly stand up." [Lippe]
P ANKLES turn in when walking.
[1] Whitmont, Carbo animalis; BHJ, Jan. 1963. [2] Morrison, The Carbon Remedies; IFH 1992. [3] Whitmont.
Rubrics
Mind
Anger in morning on waking [1], about past events [1], about former vexations [1]. Anxiety on closing eyes [1], in dark [1]. Aversion to company, > when alone [1]. Confusion, > epistaxis [1]. Aversion to conversation [2]. Delusions, everything is changed [1], everything is changed, as in an empty, abandoned city [1/1*], familiar things seem strange [1]. Discontented with everything [1]. Fear in a crowd [1], of dark, on closing eyes [1/1], in narrow places, in vaults, churches and cellars [1], of suffocation, on closing eyes [1/1], of suffocation, while lying [1], of suffocation, from mucus in throat [1/1]. Homesickness [3], in morning [1/1]. Has to rock backward and forward in chair, from anguish [1/1*]. Difficulty in expressing ideas in writing [1].
Vertigo
Going to bed at night > [1]. Stooping > [1]. Impelling to walk fast and toward the right [1/1*].
Head
Sensation of current of air on vertex [2/1]. Heat, vertex, during menopause [1]. Pain, < darkness [1], > after epistaxis [1], > hard pressure [1]; vertex, during menses [1]. Pulsating, > pressure with hands [1].
Eye
Sensation as if loose [2].
Hearing
Illusions, as if tone came from another world [3/1]. Impaired, confusion of sounds [3], cannot tell direction of sound [2], for the human voice [2].
Nose
Cracks, in tip of nose, during menses [1/1]. Discolouration, red, tip of nose, during menses [1/1]; yellow saddle [1].
Face
Eruptions, acne with unsightly scars [1.],.
Mouth
Mouth flies suddenly open [1].
Teeth
Pain, > salty food [2/1], wakes from pain [2].
Throat
Pain, > eating [1].
Female
Menses, morning and daytime [1], morning only [1]; copious, in morning [1]; offensive [1].
Chest
Palpitation, in morning on waking, must lie with closed eyes [1/1], > closing eyes [1/1], while singing in church [1/1].
Limbs
Numbness, hands, in morning in bed [2].
Dreams
Excelling in mental work [1]. Murder [1]. Scientific [1]. Visionary [1].
Perspiration
During anxiety at night [1]. On closing the eyes [1]. Odour, offensive, at night [3]. Staining the linen yellow [3].
Skin
Cicatrices become painful on change of weather [1; Nit-ac.].
* Repertory additions [Hahnemann].
Food
Aversion:[2]: Fats and rich food; tobacco. [1]: Butter; cold drinks; fat meat; smoking; tea.
Desire: [2]: Whisky. [1]: Alcohol; cold drinks; eggs [*]; pickles; refreshing; sauerkraut; smoking; sour; sweets [*]; tonics; vegetables.
Worse: [2]: Farinaceous; smoking. [1]: Bread; bread and butter; butter; cold drinks; fat; fish; meat; milk, warm [= flatulence]; rich food; wine.
Better: [1]: Vinegar.
* Repertory additions [Morrison].

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