Corallium rubrum: Coral makes him who wears it unconquered, powerful.
- VERMEULEN Frans
Cor-r.
Coral makes him who wears it unconquered, powerful, unable to be touched,
free from fear and care, giving orders easily and having easy access to the great.
[Damigeron, The Virtues of Stones]
Signs
Corallium rubrum. Red Coral. Precious coral. Rose coral.
CLASSIFICATION Corals are invertebrate marine organisms of the classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa. The name applies both to the rocklike substance deposited on the bottom of the sea and the invertebrates themselves. Four orders are distinguished: stony corals [order Madreporaria or Scleractinia; some 1,000 species], thorny corals and black corals [order Antipatharia; about 100 species], blue corals [order Coenothecalia; one living species], and horn corals or gorgonians [order Gorgonacea; some 1,200 species]. Red coral belongs to the latter order. The name coral derives from L. corallum, which originally applied in particular to Corallium rubrum, red coral. The forms of coral skeletons are species-specific and highly diverse; their appearance is described by their common name: horn corals, brain corals, staghorn corals, organ pipe corals, cabbage corals, star corals, mushroom corals, thorny corals, sea whips, etc. Atolls and coral reefs are composed of stony coral. Such formations grow at an average rate of about 0.5 to 2.8 centimetres per year. The skeleton of stony coral is almost pure calcium carbonate, with magnesium and strontium as the most frequently occurring trace elements; to a lesser degree, barium, manganese, and iron are also present. Traces of uranium have been found in Pacific corals and in Florida coral.
TEMPERATURES Stony corals occur in all oceans from the tidal zone to depths of nearly 6,000 metres. Reef-forming corals grow best in shallow, sunlit water where the temperature of the water remains within certain limits [above 22o C but below 28o C]. Horn corals are also most numerous in shallow tropical waters. This is because light levels have to be high enough to allow photosynthesis for the dinoflagellate algae, which live symbiotically with the corals. Since dinoflagellates occur only occasionally in temperate seas reef-building activities in these waters are less extensive. Dinoflagellates live off the metabolic breakdown products within the corals and, in turn, provide carbohydrates to their hosts and greatly aid in the formation of the coral skeleton by increasing the speed of calcium deposition. It has been estimated that the calcium deposition is 1,000 times faster on the summit of an atoll than in the surrounding deeps. 1
GORGONIANS Horn corals are named gorgonians, after the Gorgons of Greek mythology who could turn people into stone. The Gorgons were three monstrous sisters named Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa. They had writhing snakes for hair, staring eyes, fearsome grins and lolling tongues, boar's tusks, hands of bronze, wings of gold, and a striding gait. The sight of them could turn a man to stone. Stheno and Euryale were immortal, but Medusa was mortal and killed by Perseus. Medusa had at first a beautiful form, but Athena changed her into a winged monster because she slept with Poseidon, the sea god. Coral sprang from drops of blood spilled when Perseus cut off Medusa's head. The poet Orpheus relates that it "originated when the newly-severed Gorgon's head was laid down by Perseus on the sea-weeds, which the issuing gore turned to stone."
CORAL "The body of a coral animal consists of a polyp - a hollow, cylindrical structure attached at its lower end to some surface. At the free end is a mouth surrounded by tentacles. The tentacles, which gather food, are more or less extensible and are armed with specialized stinging structures, called nematocysts, that paralyze prey. Eggs and sperm, usually produced by separate individuals, develop as outgrowths in the gastrovascular cavity and are expelled through the mouth into the open water. Fertilization usually takes place in the water but sometimes occurs in the gastrovascular cavity. The larva, a ciliated form known as a planula, swims about for several days or as long as several weeks, then settles into a solid surface and develops into a polyp. Reproduction also occurs by budding. The bud remains attached to the original polyp. A colony develops by the constant addition and growth of new buds. As new polyps develop, the old ones beneath die, but the skeletons remain."2
HORN CORAL Horn corals are colonial in habit. The polyps of the colony are dimorphous: they occur in two forms, either as polyps [with tentacles] providing food for the colony or as polyps [resembling tiny tubes] which are in charge of keeping water flowing through a pipeline system inside the colony. Individual polyps typically have eight feathery tentacles and, in the gastrovascular cavity, eight partitions. They are ribbonlike or branching in form, and may grow to a length of 3 metres. It is thought that horn corals indicate the number of days per year by means of their exceedingly fine external ridges of calcium carbonate, each of which is believed to represent a day's growth.
RED CORAL Corallium rubrum is a common species found in the Mediterranean Sea, in the South China Sea, and off Japan, at a depth of 30-200 metres, inside dark holes and crevices. The most important centre for the fishing and manufacturing of the finest red coral is Torre Del Greco, Italy. It typically occurs in treelike, branched structures which may reach a length of 60 centimetres. The branches are formed by white polyps, and covered with a bright red tissue. The inner skeleton can be found in all shades of red, but also in white and black. The numerous calcareous spicules gather together to make a solid axis. Contrary to other red corals, which fade to white after dying, the red coral retains its bright red colour. With a hardness of 3.5-4 it is soft enough to be worked with metal cutting tools [into gemstone] and tough enough to be worn in jewellery. Red coral has been used since prehistoric times - the reason of its disappearance from surface waters - and coral ornaments have been found in Celtic tombs from the Iron Age as well as in ancient Egyptian graves. Pink varieties are known as 'angel skin coral', dark red ones are referred to as 'oxblood'. Red coral consists of calcium carbonate [up to 85%], iron, magnesium, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, and traces of organic substance [carotene].
EFFECTS Cuts from coral, in particular stony corals, give rise to some minor pain often followed by itching and the development of small diffuse wheals which may progress to vesiculation but rarely necrosis. Coral abrasions contain small spicules of coral and pieces of animal protein; even the slightest scratch may become infected, turning into an ulcer that recurs for many years. Another coral - called stinging or fire coral - produces small reddened somewhat papular eruptions, which appears 1 to 10 hours after contact and usually subsides within 24 to 96 hours. In severe cases, the papules may proceed to pustular lesions and subsequent desquamation. The stinging usually is associated with some localized pricking-like pain that is generally of short duration and with some subsequent pruritus and minimal swelling. 3
MEDICINE "Roman physicians prescribed the tonic 'tincture of coral' for a number of illnesses. It was used to cause perspiration to reduce fevers, act as a diuretic and drive off 'bad humours' from the body. The elixir was prepared by boiling branch coral in melted wax and steeping the resulting product in alcohol. A poultice consisting of saffron and coral was wrapped in the skin of a cat and tied around a patient's neck. It was said to have marvellous curative powers. Adding an emerald to the concoction was reported to magnify its ability to drive off the most severe fever. The gem was considered a remedy for a variety of human ills if it were powdered and mixed with water or wine. ... The 13th-century theologian Albertus Magnus wrote that he had 'proved' the ability of the gem to slow the flow of blood, cure madness and give wisdom to its wearer. He also stated that wearing red or white coral 'stilled tempests' and allowed one to cross broad rivers in safety."4
RELIGION Coral has a history of religious significance. It is one of the seven treasures in Buddhist scriptures - its red colour represented one of the incantations of Buddha - and Tibetan Lamas use coral rosaries.
SYMBOLISM The symbolic connotations of coral are obvious: in its treelike shape it shares the symbolism of the tree, and its undersea habitat connects it with deep water as representing the origin of the world. Its red colour makes it akin to blood; its twisted shape makes it a symbol of the bowels. "The symbolism of coral is based as much upon its colour as upon its rare property of combining in its own nature the three animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. ... Middle Irish literature uses red coral in similes of woman's beauty, and chiefly her lips. In the Celtic world it does not apparently share the martial symbolism of the colour red, although there is archaeological evidence for the use of coral to decorate helmets and shields during the Second Iron Age. ... Central European goldsmiths frequently employed coral in its natural shapes from the 16th to the 18th centuries when, in combination with precious metals, it gave rise to all sorts of monsters and mythical beings, the creature of an innate imagination and fantasy."5 In explaining the origin of coral, an Indian myth links the gem with bowels. After the demon god Vala had been slain and dismembered by demigods the parts of his body were strewn over the earth and universe. This resulted in the various gemstones known today. The celestial serpent Vasuki took care of Vala's intestines: he deposited them in the oceans around the world, thus creating the seeds of coral which now grow in the sea.
FOLKLORE Exhibiting the consistency and the physical properties of stones, stones of organic origin - such as corals, shells, pearls, and mother-of-pearl - were formerly thought to possess a special life energy, from the animals that excreted and formed them, that could be transferred to persons who wore them as amulets or ingested them in medicines or love drinks. Entire libraries were written on the magical, medicinal, and aphrodisiac properties of red coral. Coral was long thought to be a powerful talisman that could stop bleeding, protect from evil spirits and from the evil eye, preserve against lightning, and ward off hurricanes. The Romans thought that children wearing coral necklaces were protected against caries [of teeth]. In infants, coral pendants or beads were believed to ease the pain of cutting teeth. Coral is a prized material in the funerary practices of Arab peoples, for whom leaving their dead without ornaments of coral, amounts to giving them over to the hands of mighty enemies. Throughout the Pacific Islands coral also plays a role in funerary rites: the stone is placed on graves to guard the deceased.
PROVINGS •• [1] Attomyr - 3 provers [2 females, 1 male]; method: 3rd trit., manner not stated.
•• [2] Melicher - self-experimentation; method: 3rd trit., manner not stated.
Hahnemann declares that "the red corals have no other medical virtues than the pure Calcarea carbonica." Leeser disputes this view and attributes the effects of Corallium to the presence of iodine, "though the amount be minute compared with that of Gorgonia species which contain up to 7% of iodine, mainly in the form of gorgonin, a halogen proteid."6
[1-2] Encyclopaedia Britannica. [3] Klaassen, Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. [4] Knuth, Gems in Myth, Legend and Lore. [5] Chevalier and Gheerbrant, Dictionary of Symbols. [6] Leeser, Coelenterata and Echinodermata; BHJ, April 1960.
Affinity
RESPIRATORY ORGANS. NERVES. MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
Modalities
Worse: AIR [change of; inhaling]. Eating. Night; toward morning. Stooping. Dinner. Touch. Uncovering. Open air.
Better: Covering.
Main symptoms
M Fear of suffering.
• "Very complaining; he dreads and worries about the pains." [Allen]
Scolding, swearing and abusive from pain.
• "Most important remedy for sensitiveness to pain. The idea of pain is unbearable for them, so women may avoid labour for this, children may avoid sports." [Mangialavori]
M Hot-tempered. Quarrelsome.
Disposition to slander.
• "Aggressive mood; unable to express it with body, but do it with words - cursing, complaining, insulting - especially, for example, to parents. ... Will continue cursing person who has offended him after they have gone. ... Likes to stir up quarrels." [Mangialavori]
G Resemblance to Hep. [desires sour, cough, < cold, abusive]. G Craving for ACIDS and SALT FOOD; or strong aversion to salty food. G < COLD and HEAT. • "Hot parts become chilly when uncovered." • "If he uncovers himself he is too cold, and under the bedclothes too hot." [Hughes] [Reef-building corals require an even temperature. Red coral is very sensitive to temperature changes; needs 13-16o C to thrive.] G SORE pain, as if in bones. G CONGESTION; mainly upper body. Rush of blood to head on stooping. Heat of face on stooping. Eyes burning hot and painful, < closing them. PRESSING PAINS. [forehead; nasal bones; teeth; stomach; chest; back; shoulders] • "Pain in eye as if it were pressed from the front back into the orbit." • "Pain in shoulder-joints, first in left, then in right, then in both together, as if the head of the humerus were forcibly pressed out of joint." [Hughes] G Easily intoxicated by least quantity of wine. G Rapid succession of cough attacks. Rapid succession of excessive yawning. P Head as if empty or hollow. Sensation of a wind blowing through skull, on rapid motion or on shaking the head. Or: Head feels enlarged ["to three times its normal size"]. P DRY coryza; nose feels stopped up; MUCUS mainly in POSTERIOR NARES. Profuse secretion of mucus through the posterior nares, obliging one to hawk frequently. P INSPIRED AIR FEELS COLD. May have to cover nose and mouth in cold air [Rumex]. Sleeps with head under covers [to prevent inhaling 'cold' air]. P COUGH. • "Almost CONTINUOUS paroxysms of extremely violent, spasmodic COUGH, which begin with gasping for breath, are accompanied by a purple face, and followed by exhaustion, and vomiting of stringy mucus." [Boger] • "Reverberating minute-gun cough." [Kent] Cough as soon as he eats. Cough from every atmospheric change. P Psoriasis of palms and soles. Copper-coloured spots on the skin. Rubrics Mind Abusive, with the pains [1/1]. Complaining [2]. Cursing [1], > [1/1], at pains [1/1]. Fear, of suffering [1]. Restlessness, at night [1]; tossing about in bed [1]. Starting from sleep, on going to sleep [1].
Vertigo
As if intoxicated, after eating [1*].
Head
Sensation of air or wind passing through head [2], on rocking [3/1]. Flattened sensation, forehead, as if pressed flat [1/1]. Motions, moves head to relieve headache [1*], but without > [1*]. Pain, with coryza [1], > uncovering [burning hot] body [1/1], > wrapping up head [1]; forehead, on inhaling cold air through nose [1/1].
Nose
Epistaxis, alternating sides [1*]. Odours, of onions [1]; of smoke [1].
Face
Joint of left jaw as if dislocated [1*].
Stomach
Pain, from coughing [1]; pressing, < inspiration [1], < swallowing [1/1]. Cough From sensation of icy cold air in air passages [2/1]. Chest Sensation of coldness, on breathing cold air [2; Lith-c.; Ran-b.]. Back Pain, dorsal region, scapulae, when coughing [1]; lumbar region, as if broken [1]. * Repertory additions [Hughes]. Two repertory symptoms, taken from Allen's Encyclopedia, are inaccurate. The first, 'Pain in wrist as after much rapid writing,' should be 'Pain in wrist after writing rapidly for a long time.' The second, 'Sleepiness, standing', suggests that standing makes sleepy. Allen gives the symptom as: 'Very great sleepiness and irresistible desire to sleep, so that he fell asleep while standing.' The correct symptom can be found in Hughes: 'Very great drowsiness and irresistible desire to sleep, so that he could fall asleep standing.' Food Aversion: [3]: Salt. Desire: [3]: Sour. [2]: Salt. Worse: [1]: Wine.
Cor-r.
 |
| Corallium rubrum |
free from fear and care, giving orders easily and having easy access to the great.
[Damigeron, The Virtues of Stones]
Signs
Corallium rubrum. Red Coral. Precious coral. Rose coral.
CLASSIFICATION Corals are invertebrate marine organisms of the classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa. The name applies both to the rocklike substance deposited on the bottom of the sea and the invertebrates themselves. Four orders are distinguished: stony corals [order Madreporaria or Scleractinia; some 1,000 species], thorny corals and black corals [order Antipatharia; about 100 species], blue corals [order Coenothecalia; one living species], and horn corals or gorgonians [order Gorgonacea; some 1,200 species]. Red coral belongs to the latter order. The name coral derives from L. corallum, which originally applied in particular to Corallium rubrum, red coral. The forms of coral skeletons are species-specific and highly diverse; their appearance is described by their common name: horn corals, brain corals, staghorn corals, organ pipe corals, cabbage corals, star corals, mushroom corals, thorny corals, sea whips, etc. Atolls and coral reefs are composed of stony coral. Such formations grow at an average rate of about 0.5 to 2.8 centimetres per year. The skeleton of stony coral is almost pure calcium carbonate, with magnesium and strontium as the most frequently occurring trace elements; to a lesser degree, barium, manganese, and iron are also present. Traces of uranium have been found in Pacific corals and in Florida coral.
TEMPERATURES Stony corals occur in all oceans from the tidal zone to depths of nearly 6,000 metres. Reef-forming corals grow best in shallow, sunlit water where the temperature of the water remains within certain limits [above 22o C but below 28o C]. Horn corals are also most numerous in shallow tropical waters. This is because light levels have to be high enough to allow photosynthesis for the dinoflagellate algae, which live symbiotically with the corals. Since dinoflagellates occur only occasionally in temperate seas reef-building activities in these waters are less extensive. Dinoflagellates live off the metabolic breakdown products within the corals and, in turn, provide carbohydrates to their hosts and greatly aid in the formation of the coral skeleton by increasing the speed of calcium deposition. It has been estimated that the calcium deposition is 1,000 times faster on the summit of an atoll than in the surrounding deeps. 1
GORGONIANS Horn corals are named gorgonians, after the Gorgons of Greek mythology who could turn people into stone. The Gorgons were three monstrous sisters named Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa. They had writhing snakes for hair, staring eyes, fearsome grins and lolling tongues, boar's tusks, hands of bronze, wings of gold, and a striding gait. The sight of them could turn a man to stone. Stheno and Euryale were immortal, but Medusa was mortal and killed by Perseus. Medusa had at first a beautiful form, but Athena changed her into a winged monster because she slept with Poseidon, the sea god. Coral sprang from drops of blood spilled when Perseus cut off Medusa's head. The poet Orpheus relates that it "originated when the newly-severed Gorgon's head was laid down by Perseus on the sea-weeds, which the issuing gore turned to stone."
 |
| Corallium rubrum |
HORN CORAL Horn corals are colonial in habit. The polyps of the colony are dimorphous: they occur in two forms, either as polyps [with tentacles] providing food for the colony or as polyps [resembling tiny tubes] which are in charge of keeping water flowing through a pipeline system inside the colony. Individual polyps typically have eight feathery tentacles and, in the gastrovascular cavity, eight partitions. They are ribbonlike or branching in form, and may grow to a length of 3 metres. It is thought that horn corals indicate the number of days per year by means of their exceedingly fine external ridges of calcium carbonate, each of which is believed to represent a day's growth.
RED CORAL Corallium rubrum is a common species found in the Mediterranean Sea, in the South China Sea, and off Japan, at a depth of 30-200 metres, inside dark holes and crevices. The most important centre for the fishing and manufacturing of the finest red coral is Torre Del Greco, Italy. It typically occurs in treelike, branched structures which may reach a length of 60 centimetres. The branches are formed by white polyps, and covered with a bright red tissue. The inner skeleton can be found in all shades of red, but also in white and black. The numerous calcareous spicules gather together to make a solid axis. Contrary to other red corals, which fade to white after dying, the red coral retains its bright red colour. With a hardness of 3.5-4 it is soft enough to be worked with metal cutting tools [into gemstone] and tough enough to be worn in jewellery. Red coral has been used since prehistoric times - the reason of its disappearance from surface waters - and coral ornaments have been found in Celtic tombs from the Iron Age as well as in ancient Egyptian graves. Pink varieties are known as 'angel skin coral', dark red ones are referred to as 'oxblood'. Red coral consists of calcium carbonate [up to 85%], iron, magnesium, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, and traces of organic substance [carotene].
EFFECTS Cuts from coral, in particular stony corals, give rise to some minor pain often followed by itching and the development of small diffuse wheals which may progress to vesiculation but rarely necrosis. Coral abrasions contain small spicules of coral and pieces of animal protein; even the slightest scratch may become infected, turning into an ulcer that recurs for many years. Another coral - called stinging or fire coral - produces small reddened somewhat papular eruptions, which appears 1 to 10 hours after contact and usually subsides within 24 to 96 hours. In severe cases, the papules may proceed to pustular lesions and subsequent desquamation. The stinging usually is associated with some localized pricking-like pain that is generally of short duration and with some subsequent pruritus and minimal swelling. 3
MEDICINE "Roman physicians prescribed the tonic 'tincture of coral' for a number of illnesses. It was used to cause perspiration to reduce fevers, act as a diuretic and drive off 'bad humours' from the body. The elixir was prepared by boiling branch coral in melted wax and steeping the resulting product in alcohol. A poultice consisting of saffron and coral was wrapped in the skin of a cat and tied around a patient's neck. It was said to have marvellous curative powers. Adding an emerald to the concoction was reported to magnify its ability to drive off the most severe fever. The gem was considered a remedy for a variety of human ills if it were powdered and mixed with water or wine. ... The 13th-century theologian Albertus Magnus wrote that he had 'proved' the ability of the gem to slow the flow of blood, cure madness and give wisdom to its wearer. He also stated that wearing red or white coral 'stilled tempests' and allowed one to cross broad rivers in safety."4
RELIGION Coral has a history of religious significance. It is one of the seven treasures in Buddhist scriptures - its red colour represented one of the incantations of Buddha - and Tibetan Lamas use coral rosaries.
SYMBOLISM The symbolic connotations of coral are obvious: in its treelike shape it shares the symbolism of the tree, and its undersea habitat connects it with deep water as representing the origin of the world. Its red colour makes it akin to blood; its twisted shape makes it a symbol of the bowels. "The symbolism of coral is based as much upon its colour as upon its rare property of combining in its own nature the three animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms. ... Middle Irish literature uses red coral in similes of woman's beauty, and chiefly her lips. In the Celtic world it does not apparently share the martial symbolism of the colour red, although there is archaeological evidence for the use of coral to decorate helmets and shields during the Second Iron Age. ... Central European goldsmiths frequently employed coral in its natural shapes from the 16th to the 18th centuries when, in combination with precious metals, it gave rise to all sorts of monsters and mythical beings, the creature of an innate imagination and fantasy."5 In explaining the origin of coral, an Indian myth links the gem with bowels. After the demon god Vala had been slain and dismembered by demigods the parts of his body were strewn over the earth and universe. This resulted in the various gemstones known today. The celestial serpent Vasuki took care of Vala's intestines: he deposited them in the oceans around the world, thus creating the seeds of coral which now grow in the sea.
FOLKLORE Exhibiting the consistency and the physical properties of stones, stones of organic origin - such as corals, shells, pearls, and mother-of-pearl - were formerly thought to possess a special life energy, from the animals that excreted and formed them, that could be transferred to persons who wore them as amulets or ingested them in medicines or love drinks. Entire libraries were written on the magical, medicinal, and aphrodisiac properties of red coral. Coral was long thought to be a powerful talisman that could stop bleeding, protect from evil spirits and from the evil eye, preserve against lightning, and ward off hurricanes. The Romans thought that children wearing coral necklaces were protected against caries [of teeth]. In infants, coral pendants or beads were believed to ease the pain of cutting teeth. Coral is a prized material in the funerary practices of Arab peoples, for whom leaving their dead without ornaments of coral, amounts to giving them over to the hands of mighty enemies. Throughout the Pacific Islands coral also plays a role in funerary rites: the stone is placed on graves to guard the deceased.
PROVINGS •• [1] Attomyr - 3 provers [2 females, 1 male]; method: 3rd trit., manner not stated.
•• [2] Melicher - self-experimentation; method: 3rd trit., manner not stated.
Hahnemann declares that "the red corals have no other medical virtues than the pure Calcarea carbonica." Leeser disputes this view and attributes the effects of Corallium to the presence of iodine, "though the amount be minute compared with that of Gorgonia species which contain up to 7% of iodine, mainly in the form of gorgonin, a halogen proteid."6
[1-2] Encyclopaedia Britannica. [3] Klaassen, Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. [4] Knuth, Gems in Myth, Legend and Lore. [5] Chevalier and Gheerbrant, Dictionary of Symbols. [6] Leeser, Coelenterata and Echinodermata; BHJ, April 1960.
Affinity
RESPIRATORY ORGANS. NERVES. MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
Modalities
Worse: AIR [change of; inhaling]. Eating. Night; toward morning. Stooping. Dinner. Touch. Uncovering. Open air.
Better: Covering.
Main symptoms
M Fear of suffering.
• "Very complaining; he dreads and worries about the pains." [Allen]
Scolding, swearing and abusive from pain.
• "Most important remedy for sensitiveness to pain. The idea of pain is unbearable for them, so women may avoid labour for this, children may avoid sports." [Mangialavori]
M Hot-tempered. Quarrelsome.
Disposition to slander.
• "Aggressive mood; unable to express it with body, but do it with words - cursing, complaining, insulting - especially, for example, to parents. ... Will continue cursing person who has offended him after they have gone. ... Likes to stir up quarrels." [Mangialavori]
G Resemblance to Hep. [desires sour, cough, < cold, abusive]. G Craving for ACIDS and SALT FOOD; or strong aversion to salty food. G < COLD and HEAT. • "Hot parts become chilly when uncovered." • "If he uncovers himself he is too cold, and under the bedclothes too hot." [Hughes] [Reef-building corals require an even temperature. Red coral is very sensitive to temperature changes; needs 13-16o C to thrive.] G SORE pain, as if in bones. G CONGESTION; mainly upper body. Rush of blood to head on stooping. Heat of face on stooping. Eyes burning hot and painful, < closing them. PRESSING PAINS. [forehead; nasal bones; teeth; stomach; chest; back; shoulders] • "Pain in eye as if it were pressed from the front back into the orbit." • "Pain in shoulder-joints, first in left, then in right, then in both together, as if the head of the humerus were forcibly pressed out of joint." [Hughes] G Easily intoxicated by least quantity of wine. G Rapid succession of cough attacks. Rapid succession of excessive yawning. P Head as if empty or hollow. Sensation of a wind blowing through skull, on rapid motion or on shaking the head. Or: Head feels enlarged ["to three times its normal size"]. P DRY coryza; nose feels stopped up; MUCUS mainly in POSTERIOR NARES. Profuse secretion of mucus through the posterior nares, obliging one to hawk frequently. P INSPIRED AIR FEELS COLD. May have to cover nose and mouth in cold air [Rumex]. Sleeps with head under covers [to prevent inhaling 'cold' air]. P COUGH. • "Almost CONTINUOUS paroxysms of extremely violent, spasmodic COUGH, which begin with gasping for breath, are accompanied by a purple face, and followed by exhaustion, and vomiting of stringy mucus." [Boger] • "Reverberating minute-gun cough." [Kent] Cough as soon as he eats. Cough from every atmospheric change. P Psoriasis of palms and soles. Copper-coloured spots on the skin. Rubrics Mind Abusive, with the pains [1/1]. Complaining [2]. Cursing [1], > [1/1], at pains [1/1]. Fear, of suffering [1]. Restlessness, at night [1]; tossing about in bed [1]. Starting from sleep, on going to sleep [1].
Vertigo
As if intoxicated, after eating [1*].
Head
Sensation of air or wind passing through head [2], on rocking [3/1]. Flattened sensation, forehead, as if pressed flat [1/1]. Motions, moves head to relieve headache [1*], but without > [1*]. Pain, with coryza [1], > uncovering [burning hot] body [1/1], > wrapping up head [1]; forehead, on inhaling cold air through nose [1/1].
Nose
Epistaxis, alternating sides [1*]. Odours, of onions [1]; of smoke [1].
Face
Joint of left jaw as if dislocated [1*].
Stomach
Pain, from coughing [1]; pressing, < inspiration [1], < swallowing [1/1]. Cough From sensation of icy cold air in air passages [2/1]. Chest Sensation of coldness, on breathing cold air [2; Lith-c.; Ran-b.]. Back Pain, dorsal region, scapulae, when coughing [1]; lumbar region, as if broken [1]. * Repertory additions [Hughes]. Two repertory symptoms, taken from Allen's Encyclopedia, are inaccurate. The first, 'Pain in wrist as after much rapid writing,' should be 'Pain in wrist after writing rapidly for a long time.' The second, 'Sleepiness, standing', suggests that standing makes sleepy. Allen gives the symptom as: 'Very great sleepiness and irresistible desire to sleep, so that he fell asleep while standing.' The correct symptom can be found in Hughes: 'Very great drowsiness and irresistible desire to sleep, so that he could fall asleep standing.' Food Aversion: [3]: Salt. Desire: [3]: Sour. [2]: Salt. Worse: [1]: Wine.
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