Trace elementS Their relation with Homeopathy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Trace element
In analytical chemistry, a trace element is an element in a sample that has an average concentration of less than 100 parts per million measured in atomic count or less than 100 micrograms per gram.
In biochemistry, a trace element is a dietary mineral that is needed in very minute quantities for the proper growth, development, and physiology of the organism.[1]
In geochemistry, a trace element is a chemical element whose concentration is less than 1000 ppm or 0.1% of a rock's composition. The term is used mainly in igneous petrology. Trace elements will either prefer liquid or solid phase. If compatible with a mineral, it will prefer a solid phase (e.g., Ni compatible with Olivine). If it is incompatible with an element it will prefer a liquid phase. The measurement of this ratio is known as the partition coefficient. Trace elements can be substituted for network-forming cations in mineral structures. Minerals do not have to contain trace elements, i.e., they do not have to appear in the mineral's chemical formula.

Trace element
n.
1. A chemical element required in minute quantities by an organism to maintain proper physical functioning.
2. A minute quantity or amount: "The trace elements of belief vanish when it becomes apparent that the . . . officer . . . never has suffered the indignity of combat" (Lewis H. Lapham).

The following is a list of micronutrients. Micronutrients are nutrients for humans required in small quantities throughout life.


Macrominerals
Calcium
Chloride
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sodium
Iron
Sulphur

Organic acids
Acetic acid
Citric acid
Lactic acid
Malic acid
Choline
Taurine
[edit]

Trace minerals
Boron
Cobalt
Chromium
Copper
Fluoride
Iodine
Iron
Manganese
Molybdenum
Selenium
Zinc
[edit]

Vitamins
Vitamin B complex
Vitamin B1 (thiamin)
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 (niacin)
Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)
Vitamin B6 group:
Pyridoxine
Pyridoxal
Pyridoxamine
Vitamin B7 (biotin)
Vitamin B8 (ergadenylic acid)
Vitamin B9 (folic acid)
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin)
Choline
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
Vitamin D
Vitamin E (tocopherol)
Vitamin K
Carotenoids
Alpha carotene
Beta carotene
Cryptoxanthin
Lutein
Lycopene
Zeaxanthin


Others
This list has no precise inclusion criteria as described in the Manual of Style for standalone lists. Please help by adding inclusion criteria. (December 2012)

5-HTP - higher bioavailable form of tryptophan, precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, promotes relaxed poise and sound sleep.
Alpha-GPC (L-alpha glycerylphosphorylcholine, Choline alfoscerate) - most effective choline precursor, readily crosses the blood–brain barrier.
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) - Amino acid. Transports fatty acids through cellular membranes and cytosol into cells' mitochondria, where the fats undergo oxidation to produce ATP, the universal energy molecule. Synergistic with lipoic acid. Precursor of acetylcholine (donating the acetyl portion). Inhibits lipofuscin formation.
CDP-Choline (Cytidine Diphosphate Choline) - choline precursor, a more economical alternative to Alpha GPC.
Chondroitin sulfate
Coenzyme q-10- increases oxygen transport through the mitocondria of the cells. Appears to slow age-related dementia.
Creatine - increases brain energy levels via ATP production.
DMAE - approved treatment for ADD/ADHD, precursor of acetylcholine, cholinergic agent, removes lipofuscin from the brain, anti-depressant
Ephedrine
Flavonoid - thought to have antioxidant effects, but recent studies have contradicted this. [1]
Epicatechin
Hesperidin
Naringin
Oligomeric proanthocyanidins
Quercetin
Rutin
Tangeritin
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Garum armoricum extract - Adaptogen.
Glucosamine - commonly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, but evidence is conflicting and there it is not approved by the FDA for use in humans.
Glycyrrhizic Acid
Huperzine A - potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor derived from Chinese club-moss.
Idebenone - stimulates nerve growth, and has same effects as Coenzyme q-10 without its harmful side-effects.
Inositol
Lecithin - precursor of acetylcholine.
Lipoic acid - synergistic with Acetyl-L-carnitine.
Phenibut
Pregnenolone
Phosphatidylserine
Resveratrol
Theanine - Amino acid. Found in tea. Increases serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain. Increases alpha-wave based alert relaxation. [2]
Theophylline
Vinpocetine - micro-circulation enhancer, improves oxygen supply to brain cells.
Yeast, nutritional



Resources
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trace_element
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trace+element
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_micronutrients