PSYCHOSOMATIC MEDICINE:
DEFINITION
• It is the study and treatment of those emotional disturbances,that are manifested as physical disorders.
• The term emphasizes essential unity of the psyche and soma.
• The most psychosomatic conditions, there is some interaction between psychological factors and physiological predisposition to the illness.
• This approach considers that not every one becomes ill because of the viral or bacterial infections.
• Biological and psychological,social factors interact to influence health and illness.
• In psychosomatic diseases a stressful life situation or emotional upset appeared to be associated with their development, exacerbation, prolongation.
Evidences: Research observations showed that the function of the offending organ had been exited and possibly deranged by strong emotions.
• Analysis of biographies and personalities of the patients with these diseases which allegedly disclosed an inordinately high incidence of resentment, hostility, dependence, aggressiveness, emotionally suppressed, etc.,
• Longitudinal histories drawn from the memories of the patients showed and revealed a relationship between personal crisis and out breaks (relapses) of the chronic diseases.
• These diseases contribute to the growing awareness of the diseased patient and not merely of the disease in isolation.
• ADOLPH MEYERS view: that the patient must always be regarded as a complex psychobiologic unit functioning in relationship to the immediate physical and social environment.Disease represents a faulty or inadequate adaptation of the organism to the environment.
• The newest area of research related to psychosomatic medicine has been called Psychoneuroimmunology.It is the study of the interaction of the Endocrine,CNS, Immune systems-------PNEI axis.
• Researchers are interested and believe that studies of these biological systems (PNEI) can help to show how an individual becomes vulnerable to illness.
• CAMPBELL argued, that despite often naïve and myopic assessments that considered disease processes localized,in particular organs or systems, we may have to remember that organs and systems are not isolated units, but somehow or other contain within themselves the influence of the organism as a whole.
• One of the largest set of influences of the organism as a whole derive from the individuals failures to establish harmony with the environment in personal, family or work situations and these failures lead to somatic consequences.
• WILLIAM ALANSON a prominent Psychiatrist argued that
mind and body are but two aspects of the organism----Every disease has a psychic component and further this component has a history as long and as important as has the somatic component.
• Evidences:
Psychological states influence body organs through a combination of three inter related mechanisms---Neural, Hormonal, Immunologic.
• Stress usually causes an activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis followed by a decrease in immunocompetence.
• Immune mechanisms may be suppressed in part through corticosteroid activation.
• Hypnosis induced allergic reactions indicate that a person’ s immune response can dramatically change during an intense mind-body relationship.
• In another research – it has found that social isolation tends to raise levels of stress hormones and blood pressure and to produce a weaker antibody response to flu vaccine, while being socially engaged is associated with less coronary artery disease, very few colds and other infections and longer life.
• It also showed that depression raises the risk of death from coronary artery disease.
“ The mental state itself predicts health problems”
• “With the explosion in the Neuroscience, mind-body medicine can now bring the brain in” says RICHARD LANE of university of Arizona president of the American psycho somatic society. “ that holds out the possibility of moving from co-relation to mechanism of showing how mind is related to body.
• Scientists presented slew of findings of how mind effect body through brain, for instance depression and hostility seem to increase levels of proteins associated
• It is the study and treatment of those emotional disturbances,that are manifested as physical disorders.
• The term emphasizes essential unity of the psyche and soma.
• The most psychosomatic conditions, there is some interaction between psychological factors and physiological predisposition to the illness.
• This approach considers that not every one becomes ill because of the viral or bacterial infections.
• Biological and psychological,social factors interact to influence health and illness.
• In psychosomatic diseases a stressful life situation or emotional upset appeared to be associated with their development, exacerbation, prolongation.
Evidences: Research observations showed that the function of the offending organ had been exited and possibly deranged by strong emotions.
• Analysis of biographies and personalities of the patients with these diseases which allegedly disclosed an inordinately high incidence of resentment, hostility, dependence, aggressiveness, emotionally suppressed, etc.,
• Longitudinal histories drawn from the memories of the patients showed and revealed a relationship between personal crisis and out breaks (relapses) of the chronic diseases.
• These diseases contribute to the growing awareness of the diseased patient and not merely of the disease in isolation.
• ADOLPH MEYERS view: that the patient must always be regarded as a complex psychobiologic unit functioning in relationship to the immediate physical and social environment.Disease represents a faulty or inadequate adaptation of the organism to the environment.
• The newest area of research related to psychosomatic medicine has been called Psychoneuroimmunology.It is the study of the interaction of the Endocrine,CNS, Immune systems-------PNEI axis.
• Researchers are interested and believe that studies of these biological systems (PNEI) can help to show how an individual becomes vulnerable to illness.
• CAMPBELL argued, that despite often naïve and myopic assessments that considered disease processes localized,in particular organs or systems, we may have to remember that organs and systems are not isolated units, but somehow or other contain within themselves the influence of the organism as a whole.
• One of the largest set of influences of the organism as a whole derive from the individuals failures to establish harmony with the environment in personal, family or work situations and these failures lead to somatic consequences.
• WILLIAM ALANSON a prominent Psychiatrist argued that
mind and body are but two aspects of the organism----Every disease has a psychic component and further this component has a history as long and as important as has the somatic component.
• Evidences:
Psychological states influence body organs through a combination of three inter related mechanisms---Neural, Hormonal, Immunologic.
• Stress usually causes an activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis followed by a decrease in immunocompetence.
• Immune mechanisms may be suppressed in part through corticosteroid activation.
• Hypnosis induced allergic reactions indicate that a person’ s immune response can dramatically change during an intense mind-body relationship.
• In another research – it has found that social isolation tends to raise levels of stress hormones and blood pressure and to produce a weaker antibody response to flu vaccine, while being socially engaged is associated with less coronary artery disease, very few colds and other infections and longer life.
• It also showed that depression raises the risk of death from coronary artery disease.
“ The mental state itself predicts health problems”
• “With the explosion in the Neuroscience, mind-body medicine can now bring the brain in” says RICHARD LANE of university of Arizona president of the American psycho somatic society. “ that holds out the possibility of moving from co-relation to mechanism of showing how mind is related to body.
• Scientists presented slew of findings of how mind effect body through brain, for instance depression and hostility seem to increase levels of proteins associated
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