Radium bromatum 200C

RADIUM

- VERMEULEN FranS
Rad-br.

Life is lived in common, but not in the community.
[Michael Harrington]
Signs
Radium Bromide.
SUBSTANCE Radium readily combines with halogens. The element is used and handled in the form of radium chloride and radium bromide and practically never in the metallic state. The bromide is a white or slightly brownish crystalline substance subliming at 900o C and soluble in water. Both radium chloride and radium bromide are used in the treatment of a few kinds of cancer, for which the salt is enclosed in a sealed tube and inserted in the diseased tissue. Radium salts impart a carmine-red colour to a flame. The salts exhibit luminescence, as does the metal, glowing in the dark with an eerie bluish light. Chemically the salts of radium are similar to those of barium.
RADIUM Radium was discovered in the uranium ore pitchblende by the French physicists Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898. A radioactive alkaline earth metal, it is placed in group 2 of the periodic table, along with beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, and barium. It is a silver-white metal that oxidizes and blackens rapidly upon exposure to air. It decomposes water violently, and is somewhat more volatile than barium. Radium [isotope 226] is formed by the radioactive disintegration of uranium and is consequently found in all uranium ores. It is present in uranium ore to the extent of 1 part of radium to 3 million of uranium. The element undergoes spontaneous disintegration with formation of radon, a colourless radioactive gaseous element belonging to group 18 of the periodic table. One gram of radium produces about 0.0001 ml of radon per day at normal temperature and pressure. The gas is pumped from the radium and sealed in minute tubes [called 'seeds'], which are used in the treatment of cancer. Helium is also produced by the decaying radium. Radium loses about 1% of its activity in 25 years. It is successively transformed into elements of lower atomic weight, with lead as the end station of disintegration. When radium decays it divides into two parts. One part is called radiation, and the second part is called a daughter. The daughter, like radium, is not stable; and it also divides into radiation and another daughter. The dividing continues until a stable, nonradioactive daughter is formed. During the decay process, alpha, beta, and gamma radiations are released. Alpha particles [helium] can travel only a short distance and cannot travel through the human skin. Beta particles can penetrate through the skin, but they cannot go all the way through the body. Gamma radiation, however, can go all the way through the body. Gamma rays are very similar to x-rays, differing in the former having a shorter wave-length and a much greater power of penetration. Gamma rays emanate from radium, uranium, thorium, polonium, and other radioactive elements. Radium has been found at very low levels [one part per trillion] in soil, water, rocks, coal, plants, and food.
THERAPIES Radium therapies reached their pinnacle of popularity in the U.S. during the 1920s, promising to remedy a multitude of diseases, e.g. high blood pressure, goitre, arthritis, rheumatism, kidney trouble, eczema, constipation, haemorrhoids. It also promised to restore youthful vigour and to revitalize an ailing sex life. Radioactivity was nature's way to health. Manufactured by Henry Cosmos, the 'Cosmos Bag' was a cotton bag containing a small amount of low grade radioactive ore; the bag was applied to rheumatic and arthritic joints. Popular for its alleged tonic effects was also consumption of radioactive water, which produced at home in the 'revigator', a crock lined with radioactive ore in which water was left overnight. Water from the 'Lifetime Radium Vitalizer Jar' was claimed by the manufacturer to cure 18 specific problems as well as 'any other common ailment' due to its effectiveness in 'increasing the number and building up of the red corpuscles of the blood, eliminating poisons from the system, and causing the best of digestion of your food.' 'Radithor' was pre-mixed radium water manufactured in New Jersey by W.J. A. Bailey during the 1920s. Bailey advertised the product as 'Science to Cure All the Living Dead ... the new plan to close up the insane asylums, wipe out illiteracy and make over the morons by this method of gland control.' The contents of the 'Radium Emanation Bath' had to be emptied in a quart of hot water and after a few moments added to a regular bath solution. Remaining in the bath for 45 minutes with a cover over the top of the tub was described by the manufacturer as being 'good for nervous disorders, insomnia, general debility, arthritis, and rheumatism.' A New York-based company marketed low-priced tins with tablets of 'genuine radium' as well as other fine radium containing products such liniment, ointment, dentifrice, and hair tonic. Smoke inhaled through the Lifestone Cigarette Holder, which contained a small radium source, protected users from 'injurious elements in cigarettes', thus from lung cancer, and promised them beautiful faces and excellent health. Stomach cancer could be cured, it was imagined, by drinking a radium concoction that bathed the affected parts in 'liquid sunshine'. 1
MEDICINE Radium was first used as a medical therapy in 1904. It was used internally and externally to treat a variety of diseases and conditions - from cancer to goitres to scalp ringworm. During the 1920s, a new technique was developed using radium to treat hearing loss in children caused by repeated ear infections. This technique was called nasopharyngeal radium therapy and consisted of the insertion of a radium-tipped rod [containing 50 mg of radium] in the nose, where it was left for several minutes. Often, several treatment were provided in a series, each two or three weeks apart. The therapy was used to treat sinusitis, tonsillitis, asthma, bronchitis, and repeated viral and bacterial infections. Because it was effective in treating otitis media, military physicians used it to treat aerotitis media [barotitis media] in submariners, aviators and divers. Aerotitis media is hearing loss caused by swollen tissue in the throat combined with rapid pressure changes in the middle ear. The radium treatment was used to shrink tissue in the throat and prevent ear damage from pressure changes. An estimated 500,000 to two million [American] civilians, mostly children, received these treatments. It is estimated that between 8,000 and 20,000 military personnel received them during World War II and until about 1960. The treatment was believed to be safer than conventional X-ray treatment. As to the possible harmful effects of these treatments, one study found an increased risk of head and throat cancer in people who were treated when they were children, while another study did not find any statistically significant increase in head and throat cancers. 2 Not ruled out by statistics, reports of the effects of radium show an increase of thyroid and immune disorders, brittle teeth, [nocturnal] headaches, and reproductive problems. A 1996 follow-up of a Dutch study showed that children who had radium - at lower doses than in the United States - ended up with twice as many cancer incidents as children who had not been exposed.
TOXICOLOGY Radiation from radium has a harmful effect upon living cells, and radium burns are caused by overexposure to the rays. Pierre Curie deliberately burned himself with radium to study its actions on the body. "He put a tiny bit of radium salt in an indiarubber capsule and fastened it to his arm, leaving it there for ten hours. When he took it off the skin was red, the place turned into a wound, which took four months to heal, leaving a white scar the size of a shilling surrounded by discoloured puckered skin. On another occasion he left it for half an hour. A wound appeared at the end of a fortnight and took another fortnight to heal. On a third occasion, left for eight minutes only, two months later the skin became red and a bit sore, but it soon passed off."3 At first the dangers of radium were not realized, and many workers died from radiation effects. If radium is swallowed in water or with food, most of it [about 80%] will promptly leave the body in the faeces. The other 20% will enter the bloodstream and be carried to all parts of the body, esp. the bones. Some of this radium will then be excreted in the faeces and urine on a daily basis. Exposure to higher levels of radium over a prolonged period of time may result in anaemia, cataracts, fractured teeth, cancer [esp. bone cancer], and death. 4 "Several thousand people were exposed to radium salts either as part of the modish therapies using radium in the era from 1900 to 1930 or occupationally in the radium dial-painting industry around 1920. Radium therapy was accepted by the American Medical Association, and in around 1915 advertisements were common for radium treatment of rheumatism and as a general tonic and in the treatment of mental disorders. Solutions were available for drinking containing 2mcg/60cm3 as well as ampoules for intravenous injection containing 5 to 100 mcg radium. Luminous paint was developed before World War I, and in 1917 there were many plants in New England and New Jersey painting watch dials, clocks, and military instruments. The first large studies on osteogenic sarcoma in radium-exposed people were done by Martland [1931] and Aub and associates [1952], who found 30 cases of bone sarcoma; Evans and associates [1969] with 496 cases of sarcoma out of 1064 studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and Rowland et al. [1978], 61 cases out of 1474 female dial painters. Radium, once ingested, is somewhat similar to calcium in its metabolism and is incorporated on bone surfaces into the mineralized portion of bone. The long half-life of Ra-226 allows distribution throughout the mineral skeleton over life. The target cells for osteogenic sarcoma reside in marrow on endosteal surfaces at about 10 micrometer from the bone surface. ... In Europe, Ra-224 [isotope with a half-life of about three and a half days] was used for more than 40 years in the treatment of tuberculosis and ankylosing spondylitis. The treatment of children was abandoned in the 1950s, but the ability to relieve debilitating pain from ankylosing spondylitis in adults has prolonged its use."5
RADIATION INJURIES "Harmful sources of ionizing radiation once were limited primarily to high-energy x-rays used for diagnosis and therapy and to radium and other naturally occurring radioactive materials [e.g. radon]. Present sources include nuclear reactors, cyclotrons, linear accelerators, alternating gradient synchrotrons, sealed cobalt and cesium sources for cancer therapy, and numerous other artificially produced materials for use in medicine and industry. ... Tissues vary in response to immediate radiation injury, in descending order of sensitivity: [1] lymphoid cells, [2] gonads, [3] proliferating bone marrow cells, [4] bowel epithelial cells, [5] epidermis, [6] hepatic cells, [7] epithelium of lung alveoli and biliary passages, [8] kidney epithelial cells, [9] endothelial cells [pleura and peritoneum], [10] nerve cells, [11] bone cells, [12] muscle and connective tissue. Generally, the more rapid the turnover of the cell, the greater the radiation sensitivity. ... Diminished cell production in tissues that normally undergo continual renewal [e.g. enteric mucosa, marrow, gonads] results in dose-dependent progressive hypoplasia, atrophy, and eventually fibrosis. ... The disruption of cell renewal systems and direct injury of other tissues produce clearly defined clinical syndromes: 1. Acute radiation syndromes can be divided into cerebral, gastrointestinal, and haematopoietic categories. The cerebral syndrome is always fatal and consists of three phases: a prodromal period of nausea and vomiting; then listlessness and drowsiness ranging from apathy to prostration; and, finally, a more generalized component characterized by tremors, convulsions, ataxia, and death within a few hours. The gastro-intestinal syndrome is characterized by intractable nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea that lead to severe dehydration, diminished plasma volume, vascular collapse, and death. The haematopoietic syndrome, characterized by anorexia, apathy, nausea, and vomiting, may be maximal within 6 to 12 hours. Symptoms subside completely within 24 hours to 36 hours after exposure. During this period of relative well-being, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow begin to atrophy, leading to pancytopenia. 2. Acute 'radiation sickness' following therapeutic irradiation [particularly of the abdomen] in a small proportion of patients is characterized by nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia, headache, malaise, and tachycardia of varying severity. The discomfort subsides within a few hours or days. Delayed effects may be intermediate or late. Prolonged or repeated exposure to low-dose rates from internally deposited or external sources of radiation may produce amenorrhoea, decreased fertility in both sexes, decreased libido only in the female, anaemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and cataracts. More severe or highly localized exposure causes loss of hair, skin atrophy and ulceration, keratosis, and telangiectasia, and ultimately may cause squamous cell carcinomas. Osteosarcomas may appear years after ingestion of radioactive bone-seeking nuclides such as radium salts."6
PROVINGS •• [1] John H. Clarke - 3 provers [2 females, 1 male], 1904. "In 1904 I began to make a few provings with the 30c, and in 1908 I published them in Radium as an Internal Remedy, along with some observations by Dr. Molson, experienced by himself when making triturations, and by Dr. Stonham with the 30x." [Dictionary, Vol. III, p. 1626]
•• [2] Dieffenbach - 11 provers [6 males, 5 females], 1910. "The provers noted their daily symptoms for one week; family history was taken; physical examinations, including urinary and blood tests, were made, and after definite periods of taking the drug these examinations were repeated. All the provings were made in 30x, 12x, and 6x attenuations of triturated radium bromide of 1,800,000 to 2,000,000 activity. The person who made the triturations developed a number of symptoms [by inhalation presumably] and these were incorporated in the proving. The 30x attenuation was first administered and while some provers developed many symptoms from this the majority did not, so that the 12x and later on the 6x were employed. The 6x produced very marked symptoms in several cases, so marked that a warning is given against employing it for therapeutic purposes."7 Twenty years later, Dieffenbach, still suffering from the results of the proving, remarked, "if you have any friends, don't let them prove this remedy."
[1] Websites Museum of Questionable Medical Devices and Oak Ridge Associated Universities' Health Physics Historical Instrumentation Museum Collection. [2] Nasopharyngeal Radium Therapy, fact sheet published by Department of Veteran Affairs, USA; website. [3] Clarke, Dictionary, Vol. III. [4] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Division of Toxicology, Atlanta, USA; website. [5] Klaassen, Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. [6] Merck Manual. [7] A Proving of Radium Bromide; BHJ, May 1912.
Affinity
Skin. Nerves. Lymphoid tissue. Bones. Muscles and joints [lumbo-sacral; big toe]. Shifting sides.
Modalities
Worse: Motion. Shaving. Washing. On rising after lying down. After eating. Night.
Better: Open air. Hot bath; hot water. Eating. Cold drinks. Continued motion. Lying down.
Main symptoms
M Fear of being alone in the dark.
Desire for company. [D1]
M Vivid dreams of FIRE. [D1]
G OPEN AIR [desire + >].
G Dry, burning heat, as if on fire.
Craves COOL AIR.
G Desires pork.
Desires sour things. [D1]
Aversion to sweets; ice cream. [D1]
Cannot eat meat. [C1]
• "No appetite for lunch, feels sick, cannot eat meat [this symptom lasted many months]. Unable to eat bacon for breakfast [causes indigestion]. Can only eat fish for dinner. Cannot smoke [the prover, as a rule, smoked cigarettes and inhaled]." [C1]
[The aversion and aggravation from meat occurred also in another prover.]
G Sudden shifting or electric pains.
Must lie down.
G DULL ACHING pain deep in joints.
< Night. Has to be in constant motion for >.
• "Severe aching pains all over the body, with restlessness; > moving about. Pains gradually subside after continued exercise. Periodical sharp pains in joints, > continued motion; > open air." [D2]
G Rheumatic and gouty arthritis.
• "Radium bromide apparently covers many symptoms of the rheumatic patient - so much so that its symptoms ought in all cases to be compared with the case in hand. Obstinate cases of arthritis are reported cured, and apparently hopeless cases of many years of invalidism have shown evidence of improvement and cure. Inasmuch as eight provers developed 135 symptoms referable to painful muscles or joints, the sphere of radium bromide in rheumatic and gouty conditions seems well indicated. The symptoms are sharp, dull aching pains which do not improve with moving or exercise but gradually wear off. The pains are usually worse at night, and affect not only the muscles and joints, but the periosteum as well. The patient is better in the open air, craves oxygen and walks about if he can, as the exercise wears out the pain." [D2]
G Brittleness - immobility.
• "As he lay in bed the vertigo had entirely disappeared. There was no pain in the muscles, but he said he believed that if he should move his arm, or his leg or neck they would break; they felt so hard and so brittle. He was obliged to keep his bed for five days. Said he felt perfectly well when he was still, but when he got up felt like a 'queer man'. I was very sorry for the man, but felt sure I had secured a good proving of radium bromide, and I waited for a case, and had not long to wait. ... Mrs. C., a widow, aged fifty, had been rheumatic for fifteen years and, for ten years, absolutely helpless. I never saw so completely muscle-bound a case in all my former experience. It seemed as if every muscle in her body had lost its contractility and was hard and tense under the finger. She was a vivacious, amiable, lively little woman, naturally a very rapid talker, but now she articulated with great difficulty and her speech was very deliberate. I asked her why she talked so slowly. She said her tongue was stiff and the muscles of the neck. There was a feeling across the abdomen as if there were large ropes under the skin, hard and tense. She could not move her head. Couldn't lift either foot from the floor. Couldn't raise her arms; had just a little movement of the fingers. She had been in a sitting posture so long that it seemed as if the knee-joints and hip-joints were ankylosed and never would move again. She was tumbled into bed and kept the same posture in bed. ... Another peculiar thing about it was that this gradual hardening process had been absolutely painless. ... I gave her half a tablet of Radium bromide 30x, in the morning, in water. Another half tablet at night. She reported to me that for the first time in her fifteen years of sickness she had pain. About twenty minutes after taking this dose of radium she ached all over for about three or four hours. Then it gradually disappeared, but came on again twenty minutes after she took the next dose. She has used this for about four weeks in this way, occasionally skipping a night or a morning, and for the last two weeks she has taken half a 30x tablet in the morning and half a tablet the following evening. I went to see her yesterday in order to bring the very latest report of the case here today. I found her sitting at the dining table, feeding herself. She had been asked some weeks ago to provide herself with crutches and make an attempt at walking. She reached for her crutches, got up from her chair unaided, put her crutches under her arms, stood very nearly erect, and walked into another room, lifting her feet over the threshold, and seated herself. I placed myself before her and said that now I should like to see what she could do. She began to turn her head, turned it just about one-quarter, the full extent that you could turn your head. She raised her shoulders and threw them back. Heretofore she had felt as if she were encased in an iron jacket fitted just as tightly as possible; said her ribs did not move a particle when she breathed. Now she could expand her lungs. Raised both hands to her head and extended her arms, the right arm very nearly straight. Moved her body backward and forward in her chair, and leaned over both sides of the chair, touching the floor with her fingers, and could raise both feet fully twelve inches from the floor. The hardness of the muscles is disappearing, although still somewhat lumpy. She has one peculiar symptom: she is taken occasionally with very acute twinges of pain in the muscles, accompanied by a snapping which she says is audible to herself. She tells me these snappings, or these twinges, always come in three's. For instance, one day she had a hard snapping in the biceps of the right arm; then again in the elbow and in the forearm. It was followed by a soreness as if she had been struck and bruised; but she finds, as the soreness subsides, after a few hours, that the joint will move. This has occurred in both arms, in both sides of the neck, down to the shoulder, across the chest, across the abdomen and in the back of both legs. She now can not only partially close her hand but she can move her fingers in this way, [indicating] and can turn her ankles very freely and lift both feet about a foot from the floor. I am sure it is to radium that all the credit for this belongs, for she has taken absolutely nothing besides this. I think I am justified in promising that woman that I can give her still further relief." [Dr. Swett, in Discussion; D2]
G Pains appear suddenly and disappear gradually.
G Wandering pains; alternating sides.
G Bad effects of X-rays [or X-ray burns].
G Naevi and birthmarks.
• "In many cases of overdosing, teleangectasis similar to naevi and birthmarks will be caused." [D2]
• "We have seen in the proving No. 1, and in one of Dr. Parkhurst's cases, that superficial naevi - so called canceroderms - have disappeared under the drug's action. No doubt millions of people have these little naevi who never, develop, and never will develop, cancer. All the same, I nevertheless regard this as one of many points of indication of the tendency, and more esp. when they are numerous. Therefore I regard their presence as one among many indications for the cancer nosodes. The fact that Radium has removed them proves to my thinking a certain relation of Radium to the cancer diathesis, and their presence in any case forms one indication for the exhibition of Radium." [C1]
P Rushing in ears.
> Lying on face.
P Great dryness of mouth and throat.
• "Dryness of the mouth. After etherization this symptom is often met with. Radium bromide in potency relieved this symptom in a number of operative cases. You will find them suffering from an extreme dryness of the palate, and they desire some relief; a sip of water, of course, gives them relief. But I have found in my experience that prescribing this remedy, which produces an excessive dryness in the throat and mouth, has been undoubtedly a palliative in a number of these operative cases that had suffered from the effect of ether." [D2]
P Diarrhoea during eating.
• "Pure radium has the property of adhering firmly to iron. This quality is not without significance, and shows a close affinity with Ferrum." [Clarke]
P Itching skin, moist on scratching.
> Application of hot water.
Dry, bran-like, scaly eruptions.
Burning of the skin, as if on fire.
• "Both hands of prover have been covered with evidences of chronic radio-dermatitis which had resisted treatment for several years. The lesions consisted of eczematous eruptions, cracks, and fissures, scaly excrescences, wart-like outcroppings with almost constant itching and burning. After the proving of radium these skin lesions gradually disappeared, and have at this writing [sixty days] not reappeared." [D1]
• "For a few days the skin of the face has been irritable; this day is very much so. This condition gradually became worse, and lasted altogether over two months. The skin became thickened and, when scratched, which gave the greatest relief, exuded a clear moisture. It was worse after washing [which caused oozing] and after shaving [shaving could only be done, in consequence, every second day]; > by washing with very hot water; worse at night when warm in bed. It prevented sleep, and a pocket handkerchief had to be kept applied to absorb the exudation. The sensation was an intense itching, and scratching was intensely delightful, but could only be sparingly indulged in, as it was followed by burning and stinging along with oozing." [C1]
• "I have used Radium brom. in one or two cases of skin eruption, one notable case in a girl who had a terrific dermatitis of five or six years' duration. At all times her skin was rough and scaly, but she would have sudden exacerbations; without warning she would begin to leak all over the body. The serum seemed to pour right through the skin so as to wet her clothes. At the same time she had intolerable itching, and her only relief was to rush to the bathroom, fill the tub with hot water, and get in. She would sit there and soak for a while and then in a little while the top of the water would be floating with grimy scales. She also had some thyroid involvement and swelling of the thyroid and swelling of the glands under the axilla. Radium brom. 30, 1M, 50M, gave her great relief. It did not entirely cure the eruption. I followed with the thyroid [Thyr.] in the 30th and higher potency, and which also has a similar set of symptoms, esp. on the skin, and that has produced a remarkable change for the better."1
[1] Farrington, in Campbell, Radium bromide; Homoeopathic Recorder, October 1936.
C1 = Clarke, Proving of Radium bromatum; Radium as an internal remedy. D1 = Dieffenbach, Proving of Radium bromatum. D2 = Dieffenbach, Verifications of Symptoms of the Proving of Radium bromide; Transactions of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the State of New York, 1912.
Rubrics
Mind
Desire for company [1D]. Delusions, body is brittle [1], and will break when moved [1D]. Dulness, with dull frontal headache [1D]. Fear, of being alone in the darkness [1], something will happen [1D].
Vertigo
Accompanied by occipital headache [1D], > after sleep [1D]. Open air > [1D]. After eating > [1D]. With tendency to fall to left [1D], > open air [1D].
Head
Constriction, occiput, in morning [1C], < motion [1C]. Pain, above left eye, spreading over the head [1D], < cold [1D], > heat; above right eye, extending to occiput [1D]; above right eye, extending to vertex [1D], > open air [1D]; pressing, vertex, with vertigo [1D].
Eye
Discharge from right eye, forming yellow crusts [1D]. Pain, > open air [1D].
Vision
Dim, when reading [1D].
Ear
Itching, very severe tickling in ears at night [1D].
Nose
Dryness and itching, inside nose, > open air [1D]. Naevus-like spot on tip of nose [1C]. Pain, burning [1C].
Face
Eruptions, acne [1D], erythema of nose and face [1D].
Mouth
Discolouration, tongue, bluish-white [1D]. Dryness, in morning [1D]; parched, dry sensation in palate > drinking small amounts of cold water [1D]. Prickling, tip of tongue, as from needles [1D]. Sensation of swelling, tongue [1D]. Taste, chalky [1D].
Teeth
Sensation of elongation [1D].
Throat
Dryness, > drinking cold water [1D].
Stomach
Appetite, easy satiety [1D]. Emptiness, sinking sensation, < walking [1D]. Nausea, > eating [1D]. Warm empty feeling, > eating [1D].
Abdomen
Pain, > bending double [1D].
Male
Sexual desire wanting [1D].
Female
Menses, at night [1D]; first two days, almost ceased on fourth day [1D].
Cough
Dry, > open air [1D], > eating [1D], < indoors [1D], < smoking [1D]. Chest Constriction, region of heart, > open air [1D].
Back
Pain, cervical region, < bending head forward [1D], > sitting or standing erect [1D]; lumbar region, < ascending [1D], > exercise [1D], > hot bath [1D]; sacral region, > after stool [1D]. Sensation of swelling, cervical region [1C].
Limbs
Lameness, right upper limb, > exercise [1D], > warmth [1D]. Numbness, lower limbs, when crossing legs [1D]; of both great toes [1D]. Pain, > warm bath [1D]; upper limbs, right shoulder, < motion [1D], > warmth [1D]; lower limbs, knees, > cold [1D], > motion [1D]; sore, bruised, calves of legs [1D].
Dreams
Busy [1D]. Fire [1D]. Committing suicide [1D].
Fever
Sensation of heat all over, has to uncover [1D], as if afire [1D], with sharp needle-pricks and electric shocks [1D].
* Repertory additions: [C] = Clarke; [D] = Dieffenbach.
Food
Aversion: [1]: Ice cream; meat; sweets.
Desire: [1]: Cold drinks; fat; fish; ice cream; pork; sour; sweets.
Worse: [1]: Bacon; meat; tobacco.
Better: [1]: Cold drinks; fish.