Rhododendron chrysanthum 200c

- VERMEULEN Frans,
Rhododendron
Rhod.
In my garden goes a fiend,
Dark and wild,
Whose name is Wind.
[Geoffrey Scott]
Signs
Rhododendron chrysanthum. Rhododendron aureum. Yellow Snow Rose. N.O. Ericaceae.
CLASSIFICATION The Ericaceae or Heath family is a large family, containing some 100 genera and about 3,000 species, including such well-known genera as Rhododendron, Erica [heath], Calluna [heather], Vaccinium [blueberries, cranberries, bilberries etc.] and Gaultheria [wintergreen]. Most of the members are woody, varying in size from dwarf undershrubs to large shrubs or even small trees. A very large number of them fails completely in calcareous soils. Five subfamilies are recognized, of which the Rhododendroideae provides the following species employed in homoeopathy: Rhododendron, Andromeda, Kalmia, and Ledum.
DISTRIBUTION In the tropics the members are essentially plants of high altitudes, although certain genera often form a distinctive part of the vegetation of peat soils in swamps and moorlands. "Considered overall, the family is found in almost all parts of the world. It is, however, absent from most of Australia where it is largely replaced by the related family Epacridaceae. The distributions of some of the genera are of more interest than that of the family as a whole. The two largest genera are Rhododendron, with about 1,200 species, and Erica with over 500 species. Both of these genera show remarkable concentrations of species in relatively small areas. ... Almost all members of the family are found in acidic habitats, and all that have been examined are dependent to some extent on a fungal mycorrhiza for successful growth."1 Many of them are able to survive in a cold soil lacking minerals but rich in organic acids.
GENUS The genus of the 'Rose-trees' - from Gr rhodos, rose, and dendron, tree - comprises some 1200 described species of evergreen and deciduous shrubs, trees, and epiphytes with simple leaves and tubular, funnel-shaped or bell-shaped flowers. The name 'azalea' is used for the members of several subgenera which are typically small deciduous shrubs. This genus contains numerous ornamental species which have given rise to hundreds of hybrids and cultivars of great importance in the garden, esp. on acid soils. Rhododendron has large concentrations in eastern Asia [about 700 species] and in New Guinea [about 300 species]. A small number of species occurs in Europe, southern Asia and North America. All Rhododendron species require a considerable amount of atmospheric moisture, which is the reason they do so well in high altitudes or in woodlands and are seldom, if ever, found in arid spots. Rhododendron are moisture-loving but dislike lime [with the exception of R. hirsutum from the limestone formations of the European Alps].
SPECIES Native to Siberia and eastern Asia [China, Japan, Korea], this small bushy species was first described by Gmelin in Flora sibirica [1747]. It is an evergreen shrub growing in thickets in high mountain areas, both alpine and sub-alpine. The large yellow flowers appear in June. Because of its surface-rooting habit it does not compete well with surface-rooting trees. Similarly, it doesn't flourish when ground cover plants or heathers grow over or into its root system.
TOXICOLOGY Rhododendrons are toxic. The toxic principle is andromedotoxin [grayanotoxin]. The symptoms are very similar to those produced by Kalmia. Generally within 6 hours of ingestion of the leaves gastrointestinal signs develop first, including increased salivation, weeping eyes, nasal discharge, vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, prickling skin, difficulty in breathing, muscle weakness, and tremors. These symptoms are followed by disturbances in cardiac rate and rhythm. In severe intoxications convulsions may occur, followed by coma and death.
MAD HONEY Andromedotoxin, or grayanotoxin I [first isolated from Leucothoe grayana], is known to occur in certain species of Rhododendron, Leucothoe, Azalea, Menziesia, Ledum Pernettia, Pieris, and Kalmia. Grayanotoxin are produced exclusively by several genera of Ericaceae and the compound is probably more widespread in the family than is now known. The leaves, twigs, flowers, pollen, and nectar all contain andromedotoxin. The toxin gets into honey from nectar collected by bees from flowers of Ericaceae species. Although this honey is extremely bitter, honey poisoning has been reported in Turkey, Japan, Nepal, Brazil, Europe, and some parts of North America. Consumption of the toxic honey causes watering of mouth, eyes and nose, gastrointestinal upset, slow pulse and hypotension, and weakness. Severe poisoning results in respiratory depression, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and slow and progressive paralysis until death. The condition has been called 'mad honey poisoning', of which the most famous case involved an entire army, described in 401 BC by Xenophon: "There were swarms of bees and the soldiers who ate the honey all lost their senses, had to vomit and suffered from diarrhoea. No one could stand on his feet; those who took only a little of the honey acted as if they were drunk, while those who ate much of it seemed insane and, some of them, seemed to be dying." The British explorer and plant hunter Frank Kingdon-Ward [1885-1958] had a similar experience during a plant-hunting trip in the Himalayas. His bearers partook freely of the fresh honey taken from a wild bees' nest in rhododendron country with the result that they became so intoxicated as to be practically unconscious for several days. On another occasion Kingdon-Ward had to resort to eating rhododendron flowers, which subsequently gave him a violent stomachache. "Mad honey intoxication is rarely fatal and generally lasts for no more than 24 hours. Generally the disease induces dizziness, weakness, excessive perspiration, nausea, and vomiting shortly after the toxic honey is ingested. Other symptoms that can occur are low blood pressure or shock, slowness of the heartbeat associated with arrhythmia, sinus bradycardia [heart rate less than 60], atrioventricular block. In humans, symptoms of poisoning occur after a dose-dependent latent period of a few minutes to two or more hours and include salivation, vomiting, and both paresthesia around the mouth and of the extremities. Pronounced low blood pressure and sinus bradycardia develop. In severe intoxication, loss of coordination and progressive muscular weakness result. Extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia with both atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disturbances also may occur. Convulsions are reported occasionally. Grayanotoxin poisoning may also result from the ingestion of the leaves or flowers of rhododendrons. In the eastern half of the United States grayanotoxin-contaminated honey may be derived from other members of the botanical family Ericaceae, to which rhododendrons belong. Mountain laurel [Kalmia latifolia] and sheep laurel [Kalmia angustifolia] are probably the most important sources of the toxin."2
MEDICINE "Yellow rhododendron contains a stimulant, narcotic principle; for it increases the heat of the body, excites thirst, and produces diaphoresis, or an increased discharge of the other secretions or excretions, and which are generally followed by a decrease of action of the arterial system. With some persons it causes emeto-catharsis, inebriation, and delirium. The Siberians use a decoction of it in chronic rheumatism and gout. They put about 2 drams of the dried shrub in an earthen pot, with about 10 ounces of boiling water, keeping it near a boiling heat for a night, and this they take in the morning. Beside its other effects, it is said to produce a sensation of prickling or creeping in the painful parts; but in a few hours the pain and disagreeable symptoms are relieved, and 2 or 3 doses generally complete the cure. The use of liquids is not allowed during its operation, as this is apt to induce vomiting. It is a valuable remedy, used in Russia, Germany, and sometimes in France and England, but scarcely at all in this country [USA]. That it possesses a decided control over the circulation, acting like the special sedatives, slowing the quickened pulse by giving increased heart power and removing capillary obstruction, seems well established. Myalgic pains, whether rheumatic or not, but esp. of the facial and ocular region, appear to be the special indication for its use. It has been employed in acute testicular, and ovarian affections, as well as in chronic orchitis and hydrocele. The dose should be minute, from a fraction of a drop to a drop of a saturated tincture. Probably our native species would be fully as effective."3
PROVINGS •• [1] Seidel - 8 provers [7 males, 1 female], c. 1831; method: single or increasing doses of tincture; one experiment with 1 drop of 3rd dil., and one with a few doses of 6th dil.
•• [2] König and Santos - 12 provers [7 females, 5 males], 1993; method: double blind, placebo-controlled; daily dose of 30c - to be stopped when reaction occurred and to be resumed when reaction ceased; observation period of 2 weeks, with special attention to dreams.
[1] Heywood, Flowering Plants of the World. [2] U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food borne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins 1992. [3] King's American Dispensatory.
Affinity
FIBROUS TISSUES [forearm; lower legs; small joints]. Bones. Genitals. Nerves. Vascular system. Single parts. * Right side. Left side.
Modalities
Worse: Weather [BEFORE STORMS; rough; windy; cold damp; changing; cloudy]. Night. Midsummer. Wine. Rest. Standing. Beginning to move.
Better: Heat; dry heat. In sun. Motion; continued motion. Wrapping head.
Main symptoms
M Nervous persons who DREAD STORMS and esp. THUNDERSTORMS.
Can always FORETELL A THUNDERSTORM.
M Lack of [paternal] support.
• "We suggest that lack of paternal support and respect can lead to a Rhododendron-conflict. Only a father who is present can give support and recognition. In these times of single mothers or father being absent due to professional ambitions this theme becomes esp. interesting. The process of separating from their mothers and the interaction with a strong, self-confident father seems to be disturbed in the history of patients who may need Rhododendron. A father who does not respect himself might disregard his son, esp. when this son represents some of the father's 'weaknesses'. A son connected too strongly to his mother might feel guilty over becoming a man, as if he is betraying his mother and her expectations. It is not surprising that his masculine organ, the testes, tend to show this conflict [crypt-orchism], nor is it surprising that his joints, the extremities, which one uses to move towards something or away from it [lower limbs], or to give and take [upper limbs], are particularly vulnerable in Rhododendron."1
• "I know very little about my father. I was brought up without a father, I'm a 'mistake', my father married another woman. I know him, but there is no contact at all. As a child I always wanted to see him, but I can only remember him passing by my window sitting on his tractor. I could only see his back. Perhaps he rejected me? I needed his appreciation and support so much. When my panic-attacks first started I regretted never having spoken with him. I was afraid I would die before I could meet him."2
Female - male.
• "Boys were more important than girls. I refused to play with dolls. I wanted to be like a boy. I get angry when I'm called a girl." ... "In this case we see a 'girl' who does not feel she is getting the same respect that boys get. The female who is not receiving due respect from the male. This is felt as a great injustice and gives rise to feelings of indignation and anger. How to explain this great sensitivity to thunderstorms and lightning? We could say that the male principle [heaven] dominates the female principle [earth] like a dark cloud. The air is charged by the tension created by this opposition. The male principle discharges its surplus energy on the female principle, just like the patient experienced the quarrels between her parents as attacks by her father. She felt she had to protect her mother, even though she often had to admit that her father was right. The female principle, mother earth, seems defenceless against the male energies discharged on her by the lightning and the winds of a thunderstorm."3
G Easily affected by WINE.
G Sleeps with legs CROSSED.
• "Cannot fall asleep or remain asleep unless legs are crossed." [Allen]
G < BEFORE or during STORM. [= headache; pain in eyes; earache; pain in face; toothache; pain in ovaries; cough; diarrhoea; weakness upper limbs; pain in extremities; chorea] • "The patient may be in bed, or in a warm comfortable room, but the blowing of wind aggravates his symptoms." [Guernsey] G < Wet weather. < Foggy weather. < Dry weather. < COLD weather. G < Beginning motion. > CONTINUED MOTION.
• "General amelioration from motion, even when the painful part is aggravated from moving the affected part." [Kent]
G < MORNING. [Rhus-t. < morning + night.] G > HEAT.
< Cold [damp]. G Pain > pressure at different points. [3 provers, König and Santos]4
G Sensation of WATER dashing against inner parts.
G Rheumatic symptoms.
• "In acute rheumatic attack, pains and swelling wander from joint to joint; are worse at rest and at night and are often accompanied by copious urination; liable to recur with change of weather. Chronic rheumatism affects mainly the smaller joints and their ligaments. Fibrous nodular deposits occur, esp. in the great toe, often described as 'gouty'. Pain and stiffness affects muscles of nape and neck. Wrenching pains are felt in hip and knee. Wrists feel as if sprained." [Gibson]
P Menses with fever.
[Feverish excitement during menses.]
[1] König and Santos, Dream Proving of Rhododendron chrysantum; HL 4/95. [2] König, I could only see the back of my father: A case of Rhododendron chrysanthum; HL 1/98. [3] Van der Zee, As a girl I had to work: A case of Rhododendron chrysanthum; HL 1/98. [4]König and Santos-König, Berberis, Rhododendron, Convallaria: Traumgeschehen und Psychodynamik dreier Arzneiprüfungen; Göttingen, 1997.
Rubrics
Mind
Aversion to everything [1]. Confusion, in morning on waking [1], in morning after rising [1], > walking in open air [1]. Delusions, someone calls him [1], he had been revelling all night [1/1]. Feverish excitement during menses [1/1]. Fear, of others approaching, lest he be touched [1], before thunderstorm [2]. Forgetful of words while speaking [1].
Eye
Pain, > motion of eyes [1]; burning, when looking at sunlight [1*].
Ear
Noises, reverberating, loud sounds reverberate long [1/1]; thundering [1]. TEETH: Pain, before thunderstorm [3], extending from one tooth to another [1].
Throat
Pain, burning, after eating bread [1*].
Stomach
Pain, after cold drinks [1]. Vomiting after cold drinks [1].
Rectum
Diarrhoea, after fruit [2], > motion [1], before thunderstorm [1].
Male
Aversion to coition [2]. Pain, testes, > motion [2], while sitting [1], < standing [1/1]; crushed, testes [3]. Retraction, testes, while walking [2/1]. Female Aversion to coition [2]. Pain, ovaries, before storm [2], from change of weather [2]. Chest Pain, left side, when bending to right [1*]. Limbs Restlessness, lower limbs, at night [1]. Weakness, upper limbs. Sleep Disturbed by coldness of feet [1*]. Waking as from a call [1]. Generals Formication, in bones [1]. Pain in small spots [2]. Snow-air < [1]. Exposure to sun > [1].
* Repertory additions [Hughes].
Food
Aversion: [1]: Everything.
Worse: [2]: Cold drinks; cold food; fruit; wine. [1]: Brandy; bread; warm food.
Better: [1]: Cold food.

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