Cyclitis.- Inflammation of the ciliary body:
-A.B.Norton
Cyclitis.- Inflammation of the ciliary body is very rarely found uncomplicated with other diseases and usually, except when caused by wounds, is an extension of a choroiditis, or iritis, and when the inflammation commences in the ciliary body it usually extends to these parts, and in fact the iris is always more or less involved. The recognition of cyclitis is essential on account of the danger to vision it threatens. The distinction between cyclitis and iritis is not an easy one, and it is necessary, therefore, to search carefully for the characteristic signs, which are the extreme sensitiveness to touch, cloudiness of the vitreous and the change in the tension, which is first increased and later decreased. Cyclitis may occur as either a plastic, serous or purulent inflammation.
Cyclitis Plastica.- PATHOLOGY.- The pathological changes are the same as those found in plastic inflammation of the iris, wandering cells and an exudation of an amorphous mass, especially on the inner surface of the ciliary body. The exudation may extend forward upon the posterior chamber. It may be deposited on the posterior surface of the cornea, floating about in the aqueous, or be found in the iritic angle. There is also an exudation into the vitreous, especially in its anterior portion, causing it to become hazy, which, as it gradually absorbs, leaves opacities floating in the vitreous that may become membranous. If the disease goes on, the retina and choroid become affected and the retina detached from the contractions of the pathological membrane and filled with a sero-albuminous fluid. In the late stages the ciliary processes may become detached from the sclera. The exudation is the same, only more extensive than in iritis.
SYMPTOMS.- There is ciliary injection and often chemosis. The iris may be discolored and the pupil contracted, but there are no synechiae, unless the iris is involved. The veins of the iris are engorged, owing to the swelling of the ciliary body preventing a return of the blood from the iris. Pain is usually a prominent symptom; it is generally quite severe in and around the eye and often extending into the head-in fact, about the same as that in iritis. The most characteristic symptoms is the extreme sensitiveness of the eye to touch. There may or may not be haziness of the aqueous, but the haziness of the vitreous is almost invariably present in the early stages, appearing on weak illumination like fine dust floating in the anterior part of the vitreous. The anterior chamber may be deepened in the earlier stages and later it may be shallow from fluid or exudation behind the iris or lens pressing it forward. There is a rapid loss of vision and the accommodation is impaired. The tension may be either increased, decreased, or normal.
Cyclitis Serosa.- In this we have the same pathological changes as in serous iritis and it is always invariably accompanied by serous infiltration of other parts of the uveal tract. The symptoms are the same as just described, but less severe. The tension, however, in serous cyclitis is apt to be increased and the pupil is usually dilated. (See Choroiditis Serosa).
Cyclitis.- Inflammation of the ciliary body is very rarely found uncomplicated with other diseases and usually, except when caused by wounds, is an extension of a choroiditis, or iritis, and when the inflammation commences in the ciliary body it usually extends to these parts, and in fact the iris is always more or less involved. The recognition of cyclitis is essential on account of the danger to vision it threatens. The distinction between cyclitis and iritis is not an easy one, and it is necessary, therefore, to search carefully for the characteristic signs, which are the extreme sensitiveness to touch, cloudiness of the vitreous and the change in the tension, which is first increased and later decreased. Cyclitis may occur as either a plastic, serous or purulent inflammation.
Cyclitis Plastica.- PATHOLOGY.- The pathological changes are the same as those found in plastic inflammation of the iris, wandering cells and an exudation of an amorphous mass, especially on the inner surface of the ciliary body. The exudation may extend forward upon the posterior chamber. It may be deposited on the posterior surface of the cornea, floating about in the aqueous, or be found in the iritic angle. There is also an exudation into the vitreous, especially in its anterior portion, causing it to become hazy, which, as it gradually absorbs, leaves opacities floating in the vitreous that may become membranous. If the disease goes on, the retina and choroid become affected and the retina detached from the contractions of the pathological membrane and filled with a sero-albuminous fluid. In the late stages the ciliary processes may become detached from the sclera. The exudation is the same, only more extensive than in iritis.
SYMPTOMS.- There is ciliary injection and often chemosis. The iris may be discolored and the pupil contracted, but there are no synechiae, unless the iris is involved. The veins of the iris are engorged, owing to the swelling of the ciliary body preventing a return of the blood from the iris. Pain is usually a prominent symptom; it is generally quite severe in and around the eye and often extending into the head-in fact, about the same as that in iritis. The most characteristic symptoms is the extreme sensitiveness of the eye to touch. There may or may not be haziness of the aqueous, but the haziness of the vitreous is almost invariably present in the early stages, appearing on weak illumination like fine dust floating in the anterior part of the vitreous. The anterior chamber may be deepened in the earlier stages and later it may be shallow from fluid or exudation behind the iris or lens pressing it forward. There is a rapid loss of vision and the accommodation is impaired. The tension may be either increased, decreased, or normal.
Cyclitis Serosa.- In this we have the same pathological changes as in serous iritis and it is always invariably accompanied by serous infiltration of other parts of the uveal tract. The symptoms are the same as just described, but less severe. The tension, however, in serous cyclitis is apt to be increased and the pupil is usually dilated. (See Choroiditis Serosa).
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